Modern DevelopmentsThe adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 established India as a sovereign, secular, socialist, democratic republic.The Green Revolution (1960s–1970s) transformed India’s agriculture,…
Wars and ConflictsThe First Indo-Pak War (1947–1948) occurred over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and ended with a UN-mediated ceasefire.The conflict led to the division of Jammu and Kashmir into areas…
Five-Year Plans and Economic ReformsThe concept of Five-Year Plans in India was inspired by the Soviet model of economic planning.The Planning Commission was established in 1950 under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru…
Constitution of India (1950)The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly.It came into effect on 26th January 1950, a date celebrated annually as Republic Day.The drafting of the…
Partition and Integration of Princely StatesAt the time of independence in 1947, India consisted of 565 princely states alongside British-administered territories.These princely states were given the choice to join India, Pakistan, or remain…
Partition of India (1947)The Partition of India in 1947 led to the creation of two independent nations: India and Pakistan.It was the result of growing communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims during British rule.The…
Revolutionary MovementsThe Revolutionary Movements aimed at ending British rule through armed struggle and radical methods.These movements emerged as a response to the perceived inadequacy of moderate and non-violent…
Gandhian EraThe Gandhian Era refers to the period in Indian history dominated by Mahatma Gandhi (1915–1947).Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 and soon became a key leader in the Indian…
Partition of Bengal (1905)The Partition of Bengal was announced on July 19, 1905, by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India.It came into effect on October 16, 1905.The partition divided Bengal into two provinces: East Bengal…
Formation of Indian National Congress (1885)The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 as a platform to voice Indian aspirations under British rule.It was founded by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, to create a dialogue…