Five-Year Plans and Economic Reforms

  1. The concept of Five-Year Plans in India was inspired by the Soviet model of economic planning.
  2. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
  3. India’s first Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951 with a focus on agriculture and irrigation.
  4. The first plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 3.6%, higher than the target of 2.1%.
  5. The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961), also known as the Mahalnobis Plan, emphasized heavy industries and industrialization.
  6. The second plan aimed to establish a strong industrial base for India’s economic development.
  7. The Green Revolution, initiated during the Third Five-Year Plan (1961–1966), aimed to increase agricultural productivity.
  8. The Fourth Plan (1969–1974) focused on growth with stability and self-reliance.
  9. The Fifth Plan (1974–1979) prioritized poverty eradication and the attainment of self-reliance.
  10. The Sixth Plan (1980–1985) marked a shift towards a focus on employment generation and poverty reduction.
  11. The Seventh Plan (1985–1990) emphasized rapid industrialization and social justice.
  12. The Eighth Plan (1992–1997) was launched after economic liberalization and focused on human development and reforms.
  13. Economic reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Manmohan Singh marked a shift to a market-driven economy.
  14. The New Economic Policy (1991) emphasized liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG reforms).
  15. Liberalization removed many restrictions on trade and investment, encouraging economic growth.
  16. Privatization reduced the role of the public sector and allowed private participation in key industries.
  17. Globalization integrated the Indian economy with the world economy by promoting exports and foreign investment.
  18. The Ninth Plan (1997–2002) focused on equitable growth and improving the quality of life.
  19. The Tenth Plan (2002–2007) aimed at achieving an 8% GDP growth rate and reducing poverty.
  20. The Eleventh Plan (2007–2012) focused on inclusive growth and improving education and health sectors.
  21. The Twelfth Plan (2012–2017) emphasized faster, sustainable, and inclusive growth.
  22. In 2015, the Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog, focusing on cooperative federalism.
  23. The NITI Aayog emphasizes a bottom-up approach to planning and development.
  24. The Five-Year Plans played a crucial role in transforming India’s agrarian economy into a developing industrial economy.
  25. The plans emphasized the importance of infrastructure development, such as roads, power, and irrigation.
  26. The Green Revolution during the 1960s and 1970s significantly increased food grain production.
  27. The White Revolution focused on increasing milk production through initiatives like Operation Flood.
  28. The economic reforms of 1991 resolved the balance of payments crisis and stabilized the Indian economy.
  29. The reforms encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI) and improved the ease of doing business in India.
  30. India’s economic growth rate significantly improved after liberalization, averaging around 7% in the 2000s.
  31. The service sector emerged as a major contributor to India’s GDP post-liberalization.
  32. The reforms led to increased employment opportunities in sectors like IT, telecom, and retail.
  33. Economic planning in India has evolved to address contemporary challenges such as climate change and digital transformation.
  34. The Make in India initiative, launched in 2014, aims to boost manufacturing and create jobs.
  35. The Digital India campaign seeks to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
  36. The Skill India initiative focuses on enhancing skill development for India’s youth.
  37. India’s economic policies continue to balance growth with social equity and environmental sustainability.
  38. The role of the private sector has increased significantly in India’s economic development.
  39. The government emphasizes public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure projects.
  40. Economic reforms have led to increased urbanization and a growing middle class in India.
  41. The Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative focuses on self-reliance and boosting domestic production.
  42. India’s economic journey reflects a blend of planned development and market-driven growth.
Category
Post-Independence India (1947–Present)
History of India
Which was the first year of the First Five-Year Plan in India?
The First Five-Year Plan focused primarily on which sector?
The Second Five-Year Plan was based on which economic model?
Who is regarded as the architect of India’s Five-Year Plans?
Which year saw the introduction of economic liberalization in India?
The Green Revolution was initiated during which Five-Year Plan?
Which Five-Year Plan was discontinued due to the Indo-China War?
The concept of rolling plans was introduced by which Prime Minister?
The Planning Commission of India was replaced by which institution?
The slogan "Garibi Hatao" (Remove Poverty) was introduced during which Five-Year Plan?
Who was the Finance Minister during the economic reforms of 1991?
The Eleventh Five-Year Plan aimed primarily at:
Which plan is also known as the "Gadgil Yojana"?
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan covered which years?
What was the main focus of the Fourth Five-Year Plan?
The term "Hindu Rate of Growth" refers to which period in India’s economic history?
Who is credited with drafting the 1991 Economic Reforms?
Which Five-Year Plan aimed at the modernization of Indian industries?
The concept of mixed economy in India implies:
The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was launched during which plan?
The National Development Council (NDC) was established in which year?
Which Five-Year Plan introduced the Minimum Needs Programme?
The primary objective of the Eighth Five-Year Plan was:
When was the Planning Commission of India established?
The New Economic Policy of 1991 focused on:
Which Five-Year Plan emphasized "Faster, More Inclusive, and Sustainable Growth"?
Who is the current Chairperson of the NITI Aayog?
Which Five-Year Plan was the first to allocate funds specifically for women's development?
The term "Plan Holiday" refers to the period between:
The Tenth Five-Year Plan emphasized which key area?
The Mid-Day Meal Scheme was launched during which Five-Year Plan?
The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 was adopted during which Five-Year Plan?
What was the primary focus of the Ninth Five-Year Plan?
The concept of "Zero-based budgeting" was introduced in which Five-Year Plan?
The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) was introduced during which Five-Year Plan?
Which Five-Year Plan aimed at "targeting faster and inclusive growth"?
What was the theme of the Tenth Five-Year Plan?
The "Operation Flood" initiative for dairy development was launched during which Five-Year Plan?
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was implemented during which Plan?
The "Make in India" initiative was launched during which period?
The Twenty-Point Programme was introduced during which Five-Year Plan?
The idea of "land reforms" was emphasized during which Five-Year Plan?
Which Plan was associated with the strategy of rapid industrialization?
The "Haritha Haram" (Green Garland) program was inspired by which economic goals?
The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) was introduced during which Five-Year Plan?
Which economic reform focused on removing License Raj in India?
The focus of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan was:
The Industrial Policy of 1991 is associated with which type of reforms?
The National Skill Development Mission was launched during which Five-Year Plan?
When was the "Digital India" program launched?