Transparency and accountability: RTI Act 2005The Right to Information (RTI) Act, enacted in 2005, empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities.It aims to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public…
Good governance: Meaning and principlesGood governance refers to the effective, efficient, and ethical management of a country’s resources and affairs.It is based on the principles of accountability, transparency, participation, and rule…
Anti-defection law (10th Schedule)The Anti-Defection Law is contained in the 10th Schedule of the Constitution of India.It was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985 to address the problem of political defection.Defection refers to…
Political parties: National and regionalPolitical parties are essential for the functioning of a democratic system.India has a multi-party system with a mix of national and regional parties.The Election Commission of India (ECI) is…
Electoral reforms and challengesElectoral reforms aim to ensure free, fair, and transparent elections in a democratic system.The introduction of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) has reduced instances of ballot tampering and…
Election Commission of India: Structure, powers, and functionsThe Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for conducting elections in India.Established under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution.The ECI is…
Fifth and Sixth Schedules for tribal areasThe Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than the northeastern states.The Sixth Schedule…
Special status of Jammu & Kashmir and its recent changesJammu & Kashmir (J&K) was granted special status under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution.Article 370 allowed J&K to have its own Constitution and autonomy over internal matters…
Administration of Union TerritoriesUnion Territories (UTs) are directly administered by the Central Government, unlike states which have their own governments.There are 8 Union Territories in India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands,…
Issues in local governanceInadequate financial resources: Local bodies often lack sufficient funds to implement developmental programs effectively.Dependence on state governments: Local bodies heavily rely on state government…