1. Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) was granted special status under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution.
  2. Article 370 allowed J&K to have its own Constitution and autonomy over internal matters except for defense, foreign affairs, communications, and ancillary matters.
  3. Article 35A, incorporated via a Presidential Order in 1954, empowered the J&K legislature to define "permanent residents" and grant them special rights and privileges.
  4. The special status meant that Indian laws were not directly applicable to J&K unless ratified by the state's legislature.
  5. J&K had its own flag and could make laws in areas excluded from the Union List.
  6. On August 5, 2019, the Government of India announced the abrogation of Article 370.
  7. The abrogation was executed through a Presidential Order and a resolution passed by the Indian Parliament.
  8. Along with Article 370, Article 35A was also repealed, removing the special privileges of J&K residents.
  9. J&K was bifurcated into two Union Territories: Jammu & Kashmir (with a legislature) and Ladakh (without a legislature).
  10. The bifurcation was formalized through the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019.
  11. The abrogation of Article 370 ended J&K's autonomous status and brought it on par with other Indian states.
  12. The changes aimed to integrate J&K fully into the Indian Union and enhance development and governance.
  13. Post-abrogation, Indian citizens from other states can now buy property and settle in J&K.
  14. All Indian laws are now applicable to J&K and Ladakh, including progressive laws such as the Right to Education Act and Domestic Violence Act.
  15. The abrogation faced both domestic and international reactions, with debates about its constitutional and political implications.
  16. Supporters argue that the move promotes equality, national integration, and economic development.
  17. Critics view the move as undermining federalism and the autonomy guaranteed to J&K under the Instrument of Accession.
  18. Security measures, including communication lockdowns, were implemented to prevent unrest following the decision.
  19. The abrogation has led to new opportunities for investment and development projects in J&K and Ladakh.
  20. J&K now follows the same reservation policies and constitutional amendments as the rest of India.
  21. The bifurcation made Ladakh a separate Union Territory to focus on its unique cultural and geographic needs.
  22. J&K's reorganization brought an elected legislature under central control, similar to Delhi and Puducherry.
  23. The move has increased political participation through the conduct of elections for local bodies and District Development Councils (DDCs).
  24. The central government announced various schemes and infrastructure projects to boost the economic growth of the region.
  25. Special focus has been placed on tourism, agriculture, and industrial development in J&K and Ladakh.
  26. The abrogation has sparked a legal debate over the use of Presidential Orders to amend Article 370 without the concurrence of J&K's Constituent Assembly.
  27. The Supreme Court of India is hearing petitions challenging the constitutional validity of the abrogation.
  28. Several states and political parties expressed concerns about the precedent set by the unilateral abrogation of special status.
  29. J&K's administration now falls under the direct control of the Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the President of India.
  30. The revocation of Article 370 marks a significant shift in India's constitutional and political history.

Category

Questions

  1. Under which Article was the special status of Jammu & Kashmir provided before its abrogation?
  2. What year was the special status of Jammu & Kashmir abrogated?
  3. Which Act reorganized Jammu & Kashmir into two Union Territories?
  4. Jammu & Kashmir was bifurcated into which two Union Territories?
  5. When did the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 come into effect?
  6. What was Article 35A related to?
  7. What is the capital of Ladakh Union Territory?
  8. How many members represent Jammu & Kashmir in the Rajya Sabha after 2019?
  9. Who has legislative powers over the Union Territory of Ladakh?
  10. Which body was empowered to recommend the application of central laws to Jammu & Kashmir before 2019?
  11. Which region of Jammu & Kashmir is predominantly Buddhist?
  12. Under which Schedule of the Indian Constitution was the State of Jammu & Kashmir listed?
  13. After abrogation, what type of governance structure was implemented in Jammu & Kashmir?
  14. What is the maximum tenure of the Lieutenant Governor in Jammu & Kashmir?
  15. How is the judiciary in Jammu & Kashmir integrated post-2019 changes?
  16. What was the main purpose of Article 35A?
  17. Which Articles of the Indian Constitution were amended to reorganize Jammu & Kashmir?
  18. Before 2019, which Indian state had its own constitution?
  19. Who is the current Lieutenant Governor of Jammu & Kashmir?
  20. Which central law was not applicable to Jammu & Kashmir before August 2019?
  21. What is the significance of October 31 in relation to Jammu & Kashmir?
  22. Which body governed Jammu & Kashmir's financial relations with the Union before abrogation?
  23. How many districts does Ladakh have after the bifurcation?
  24. After 2019, who has the authority to promulgate ordinances in Jammu & Kashmir?
  25. What is the composition of the Legislative Assembly in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir?
  26. Which region of Jammu & Kashmir is known for its apple production?
  27. What is the official language of Jammu & Kashmir post-2019?
  28. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution was the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act passed?
  29. What type of representation does Ladakh have in the Indian Parliament?
  30. Which part of Jammu & Kashmir has a predominantly Muslim population?
  31. Post-2019, what is the term for land ownership rules in Jammu & Kashmir?
  32. How many official languages are recognized in Jammu & Kashmir post-abrogation?