Modes of Heat Transfer

1. Thermal conductivity is a material's ability to conduct heat.
2. It is denoted by the symbol k or λ.
3. The SI unit of thermal conductivity is watt per meter per kelvin (W/m·K).
4. Fourier's Law describes heat conduction: Q = -kA(dT/dx), where:
   • Q is the heat transfer rate.
   • k is the thermal conductivity.
   • A is the cross-sectional area.
   • dT/dx is the temperature gradient.

1. Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
2. There are three primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction

1. Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material without the movement of the material itself.
2. It occurs mainly in solids, where particles are tightly packed.
3. The rate of conduction is described by Fourier’s Law: Q = -kA(dT/dx)