Basics of rockets, satellite orbits, GPS, remote sensing1. Basics of RocketsRockets work on the principle of Newton’s Third Law of Motion: "Every action has an equal and opposite reaction."Uses propellants (solid, liquid, or hybrid) to generate thrust.…
Radio, television, mobile communication, optical fibers1. Radio CommunicationUses radio waves to transmit signals over long distances.Based on the principles of electromagnetic wave propagation.Consists of a transmitter that sends signals and a receiver…
Working principles of common devices like bulbs, fans, refrigerators, microwaves1. Incandescent BulbsWork on the principle of Joule heating.An electric current passes through a tungsten filament, heating it to a high temperature.The filament emits light due to incandescence.Only…
Time dilation and length contraction (basic understanding)1. Introduction to Time Dilation and Length ContractionThese are key concepts in Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity.They illustrate the relativity of time and space for observers in different…
Concepts of space and time, mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²)1. Introduction to Special RelativityProposed by Albert Einstein in 1905.Deals with the physics of objects moving at constant velocity, particularly at speeds close to the speed of light.Built on two…
Quantum computing and cryptography (basic concepts)1. Introduction to Quantum ComputingQuantum computing is a revolutionary technology based on the principles of quantum mechanics.Unlike classical computers that use bits (0 or 1), quantum computers…
Lasers, their types, and applications (medical, industrial, communication)1. Introduction to LasersLASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.It is a device that produces a highly focused and coherent beam of monochromatic light.Lasers work…
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle1. Introduction to the Uncertainty PrincipleProposed by Werner Heisenberg in 1927 as a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics.The principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously measure…
Planck’s quantum theory, black-body radiation1. Introduction to Quantum PhysicsQuantum physics is the study of phenomena at atomic and subatomic levels.Revolutionized classical physics by introducing the concept of quantization.Developed to…