1. The environment consists of two primary components: biotic and abiotic.
2. Biotic components refer to all living organisms in the environment.
3. Abiotic components include non-living physical and chemical factors.
4. The interaction between biotic and abiotic components forms ecosystems.
5. Biotic factors are categorized into producers, consumers, and decomposers.
6. Producers (autotrophs) synthesize their own food using sunli

1. Environmental Science is inherently interdisciplinary, combining multiple fields of study.
2. It draws from natural sciences like biology, chemistry, physics, and geology.
3. Includes aspects of social sciences such as sociology, economics, and political science.
4. Focuses on the interaction between humans and the environment.
5. Bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applicati

1. Environmental Science is the study of interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment.
2. It integrates knowledge from various disciplines like biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and social sciences.
3. The focus is on understanding the natural processes and their interrelations.
4. It aims to address issues like pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss.
5. The sc

1. Introduction

1. Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.
2. Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies operate on a decentralized network using blockchain technology.
3. Bitcoin, introduced in 2009, was the first cryptocurrency and remains the most well-known.
4. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that ensures transparency and security through immutable records.

2.

1. Introduction

1. A recession refers to a significant decline in economic activity across an economy, lasting for months or years.
2. Supply chain disruptions occur when there are interruptions in the production, distribution, or delivery of goods and services.
3. Both issues have been exacerbated by global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and natural disasters.

2.

1. Introduction

1. Atmanirbhar Bharat translates to "Self-Reliant India," a vision aimed at making India self-sufficient in critical sectors.
2. Launched in May 2020 by the Government of India during the COVID-19 pandemic.
3. Aims to boost domestic manufacturing, infrastructure, and innovation while reducing dependency on imports.

2.

1. Overview of Economic Impact

1. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe global economic contraction, disrupting supply chains and reducing demand.
2. India's GDP shrank by 7.3% in FY 2020-21, highlighting the pandemic’s impact.
3. Sectors like hospitality, tourism, and aviation were hit hardest, while IT and e-commerce showed resilience.

2.