- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Guarantees 100 days of wage employment to rural households.
- MGNREGA aims to create sustainable assets like roads, canals, and ponds in rural areas.
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): Provides affordable housing for the urban and rural poor.
- Under PMAY, beneficiaries receive financial assistance for building or improving their homes.
- National Food Security Act (NFSA): Ensures access to subsidized food grains for two-thirds of India's population.
- The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a key component of NFSA for food security.
- Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY): Provides free food grains during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana: Focuses on skill development and self-employment for rural and urban poor.
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): Offers skill training to enhance employability and income levels.
- Jan Dhan Yojana: Promotes financial inclusion by providing access to banking services for the unbanked.
- The Stand-Up India Scheme: Encourages entrepreneurship among women and SC/ST communities.
- Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF): Supports rural infrastructure development to improve living standards.
- National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM): Enhances livelihoods through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and microfinance.
- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): Addresses malnutrition and healthcare needs of children and pregnant women.
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS): Provides free meals to schoolchildren to improve nutrition and education.
- Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): Offers direct income support to farmers for poverty reduction.
- Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY): Targets the poorest families for food grain distribution at highly subsidized rates.
- Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS): Provides pensions to senior citizens, widows, and disabled individuals.
- Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP): Promotes self-employment in rural areas through entrepreneurship.
- Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM): Focuses on sanitation and hygiene to improve living conditions and health.
- National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM): Aims to reduce poverty in urban areas by providing skill training and employment.
- Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP): Supports micro-enterprises and job creation.
- Unorganized Workers Social Security Act: Provides social security benefits for workers in the informal sector.
- Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY): Offers health insurance coverage for the BPL population.
- Ayushman Bharat: Provides free healthcare to poor and vulnerable families under the PM-JAY scheme.
- Skill India Initiative: Improves employability through vocational training programs.
- Digital India: Enhances access to digital services for rural and urban poor.
- Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY): Focuses on holistic development of model villages.
- Mission Antyodaya: Aims to uplift the poorest households by converging various schemes.
- National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP): Offers pensions and financial assistance to vulnerable groups.
- India’s poverty alleviation strategies integrate welfare programs with economic growth.
- Many schemes are aligned with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Challenges include effective implementation, leakages, and targeting beneficiaries.
- Poverty alleviation efforts are supported by technology, such as Aadhaar-linked subsidies.
- Recent reforms emphasize self-reliance through schemes like Atmanirbhar Bharat.