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- An artificial satellite is a man-made object placed into orbit around a celestial body, primarily Earth.
- Artificial satellites are launched using rockets or space vehicles.
- They remain in orbit due to the balance between the gravitational pull of the Earth and their centripetal force.
- Satellites follow the laws of orbital motion as described by Kepler and Newton.
- The orbital velocity of a satellite depends on its altitude and the mass of the central body.
- Low Ear
- Gravitational Potential Energy (U) is the energy possessed by an object due to its position in a gravitational field.
- The formula for gravitational potential energy is U = -G(m₁m₂ / r), where G is the gravitational constant, m₁ and m₂ are the masses, and r is the distance between their centers.
- The negative sign in U indicates that gravitational force is attractive, and energy must be supplied to separate the masses.
- The gravitational potential at a point is defined as the potential energy per u
- The acceleration due to gravity (g) is the acceleration experienced by an object due to the gravitational pull of the Earth.
- The standard value of g at the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 m/s².
- g is calculated using the formula g = GM/R², where G is the gravitational constant, M is the Earth's mass, and R is its radius.
- The value of g is maximum at the Earth’s surface and decreases with altitude, depth, and latitude.
- At higher altitudes, g decreases because the dist
- Newton’s Law of Gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The mathematical expression for gravitational force is F = G (m₁m₂ / r²), where G is the gravitational constant, m₁ and m₂ are the masses, and r is the distance between the centers of the masses.
- The gravitational constant (G) has a value of approximately 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg² in SI un