Work-energy theorem, types of energy (kinetic, potential, etc.)

The Work-Energy Theorem states that the work done by all forces acting on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
The mathematical expression for the Work-Energy Theorem is W = ΔKE, where W is work and ΔKE is the change in kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy (KE) is the energy of an object due to its motion, given by KE = ½ mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.
Potential Energy (PE) is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration.
The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.
Energy can be classified into two main types: mechanical energy and non-mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in a system.
Non-mechanical energy includes thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear, and sound energy.
Elastic potential energy is stored in objects like springs and rubber bands when stretched or compressed.
The formula for elastic potential energy is PE = ½ kx², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement.
Energy is a scalar quantity with no direction, only magnitude.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.
In an ideal system with no dissipative forces, mechanical energy remains constant.
Thermal energy is the energy of particles within a substance, often produced as a byproduct of work.
Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds and released during chemical reactions.
Electrical energy is the energy of moving electric charges and is used in a variety of devices and systems.
Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom and released during nuclear fission or fusion.
Sound energy is the energy of vibrating particles and propagates as sound waves.
Work is a means of transferring mechanical energy from one object to another.
When a system loses mechanical energy, it is often converted into heat or other non-mechanical forms.
The work-energy principle is used to calculate the work done in systems involving motion.
The power associated with energy transfer is the rate at which work is done, given by P = W/t.
Energy transformations are seen in real-life applications like engines, where chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy.
The gravitational potential energy of a freely falling object is converted to kinetic energy as it accelerates.
When an object is lifted, work is done against gravity, increasing its potential energy.
Energy can be stored in batteries as chemical energy and converted into electrical energy when needed.
Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power rely on natural processes to replenish energy.
Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal and oil, deplete over time and release stored chemical energy when burned.
The efficiency of a system is a measure of how effectively energy is converted into useful work.
Friction often reduces mechanical energy, converting it into heat energy.
The concept of energy conservation is vital in physics, engineering, and environmental science.
In a pendulum, energy oscillates between potential and kinetic energy, demonstrating conservation of energy.
The specific energy of a substance indicates the amount of energy stored per unit mass.
Work-energy principles are used in solving problems involving forces, motion, and energy transformations.
Elastic collisions conserve both kinetic energy and momentum, while inelastic collisions conserve momentum but not kinetic energy.
Energy can be harnessed in various forms, such as hydropower, which uses potential energy stored in water.
Energy efficiency reduces waste and improves the performance of machines and systems.
The concept of kinetic energy applies to particles, vehicles, and celestial objects.
In thermodynamics, energy transformations are governed by the laws of thermodynamics.
The work-energy theorem is foundational in understanding motion under the influence of forces.
In rotational systems, energy is stored as rotational kinetic energy, given by KE = ½ Iω², where I is the moment of inertia and ω is angular velocity.
Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, often with efficiency losses.
Energy storage systems, like flywheels and capacitors, store energy for later use.
Wave energy is a form of mechanical energy carried by oscillating particles in a medium.
Gravitational energy is crucial in celestial mechanics and astrophysics.
Understanding the types of energy helps in analyzing real-world systems and improving energy utilization.