Public Policy and Governance

Role of NGOs and civil society

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are voluntary, nonprofit organizations that work for social, economic, and environmental causes.
Civil society refers to the collective space where individuals and organizations work independently of the government to promote public interests.
NGOs act as a bridge between the government and the citizens, addressing the gaps in governance.
They contribute to policy advocacy by influencing government decisions and legislative processes.
NGOs and civil

Social justice ensures equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
The concept is enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution, which aims for justice—social, economic, and political.
Inclusive growth focuses on economic growth that is distributed fairly across society, benefiting all sections.
Article 38 of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) directs the state to promote the welfare of the people.
Programs like MNREGA

The Right to Information (RTI) Act, enacted in 2005, empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities.
It aims to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority.
The Act is a cornerstone of good governance in India, ensuring that citizens have access to government information.
Section 2(f) of the Act defines "information" as any material in any form, including records, documents, and emails.
It mandates the establishment of Public In

Good governance refers to the effective, efficient, and ethical management of a country’s resources and affairs.
It is based on the principles of accountability, transparency, participation, and rule of law.
Promotes a government that is responsive to the needs of its citizens.
Transparency ensures that decisions and actions of the government are open and accessible to the public.
Accountability implies that government officials are answerable for their actions and decis