Biogeography

Soil types and distribution

  1. Soil is the uppermost layer of Earth's crust, supporting plant growth and containing organic and inorganic materials.
  2. The study of soil is known as pedology.
  3. Soil formation is influenced by factors such as parent material, climate, organisms, topography, and time.
  4. Soils are classified based on their texture, composition, and fertility.
  5. Globally, soils are categorized into major types such as alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil, and mountain soil

Biodiversity

  1. Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth, including genes, species, and ecosystems.
  2. It is essential for maintaining ecological balance and providing ecosystem services.
  3. Biodiversity is categorized into genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
  4. Genetic diversity refers to the variation in genes within a species, ensuring adaptability and survival.
  5. Species diversity indicates the variety of species in a regio

Biomes

  1. Biomes are large geographic regions characterized by distinct climate, vegetation, and wildlife.
  2. Each biome represents a specific type of ecosystem with unique biotic and abiotic factors.
  3. The classification of biomes is primarily based on temperature and precipitation patterns.
  4. Biomes can be broadly categorized into terrestrial and aquatic biomes.
  5. Examples of terrestrial biomes include forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra.
  6. Aq

Ecosystems

  1. Ecosystem refers to a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.
  2. Ecosystems consist of biotic components (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic components (soil, water, air, sunlight).
  3. The concept of the ecosystem was first introduced by ecologist Arthur Tansley in 1935.
  4. Ecosystems can be classified into terrestrial ecosystems (forests, deserts, grasslands) and aquatic ecosystems (freshwater and marine).
Biogeography