1. Rashtrakutas: The Rashtrakutas emerged as a powerful dynasty in the Deccan region, ruling from c. 753 to 982 CE.
  2. They were originally feudatories of the Chalukyas before Dantidurga established their independence.
  3. Their capital was at Manyakheta (modern Malkhed in Karnataka).
  4. Rashtrakutas were known for their patronage of art, literature, and architecture.
  5. The Kailasa temple at Ellora, carved out of a single rock, is a masterpiece of Rashtrakuta architecture.
  6. The Rashtrakutas had extensive military campaigns in North and South India, including successful raids into Kannauj.
  7. Their rulers like Krishna I and Amoghavarsha I were notable for administrative efficiency and cultural contributions.
  8. Amoghavarsha I wrote "Kavirajamarga," the earliest known Kannada literary work.
  9. Rashtrakutas maintained extensive trade links with the Arab world and Southeast Asia.
  10. Their coinage reflects a blend of indigenous and Persian influences.
  11. The Rashtrakutas promoted both Jainism and Hinduism, showcasing religious tolerance.
  12. The Rashtrakutas declined due to internal conflicts and pressure from the Cholas and other emerging powers.
  13. Pallavas: The Pallavas ruled primarily in the Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh regions between c. 275 and 897 CE.
  14. They were known for their contributions to Dravidian architecture.
  15. Their capital was Kanchipuram, a major center of learning and culture.
  16. Mahendravarman I and Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) were among their most significant rulers.
  17. The Pallavas constructed rock-cut temples and monolithic Rathas at Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram).
  18. Their art and architecture influenced subsequent South Indian dynasties.
  19. They were patrons of Sanskrit and Tamil literature.
  20. The Pallavas faced constant conflict with the Chalukyas of Badami and later with the Cholas.
  21. The dynasty's decline began in the late 9th century, paving the way for the rise of the Cholas.
  22. Pallava inscriptions provide valuable historical insights into their administration and achievements.
  23. Their naval activities played a role in the cultural exchanges with Southeast Asia.
  24. Cholas: The Cholas became a dominant power in South India between c. 850 and 1279 CE.
  25. They initially rose to prominence under Vijayalaya Chola, who captured Tanjore.
  26. Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I marked the golden age of Chola rule.
  27. Rajaraja Chola I constructed the Brihadeeswarar Temple (Periya Kovil) at Thanjavur.
  28. Rajendra Chola I expanded the empire to Southeast Asia and led a naval expedition to the Srivijaya kingdom.
  29. The Cholas excelled in administration, introducing efficient revenue systems and local self-government through village assemblies.
  30. Their architecture, especially temples, is renowned for grandeur and intricacy.
  31. The Cholas were great patrons of Tamil literature and the arts.
  32. They contributed significantly to maritime trade and cultural exchange in the Indian Ocean region.
  33. The Chola navy was one of the strongest in the medieval world, ensuring dominance over sea trade routes.
  34. Bronze sculptures of the Chola period, especially the Nataraja, are considered masterpieces of Indian art.
  35. The dynasty's administration included a detailed system of land revenue and irrigation management.
  36. The Cholas also encouraged temple-based economic activities, making temples central to socio-economic life.
  37. The dynasty declined in the 13th century due to invasions and internal strife.
  38. Chola inscriptions, like the Uttaramerur inscription, provide insights into their governance and village assembly system.

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Questions

  1. Which Rashtrakuta king defeated the Pallavas and Pandyas?
  2. The Rashtrakutas were originally feudatories of which dynasty?
  3. Who was the greatest ruler of the Rashtrakuta dynasty?
  4. The famous Kailasa temple at Ellora was built by which Rashtrakuta ruler?
  5. The Pallava dynasty had its capital at:
  6. Which Pallava king built the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram?
  7. The Chola Empire reached its zenith under which ruler?
  8. The famous Brihadeshwara Temple was built by which Chola king?
  9. The Rashtrakutas were known for their patronage of which language?
  10. The Pallavas were primarily followers of which religion?
  11. Which Rashtrakuta king invaded North India and defeated the Gurjara-Pratiharas?
  12. The Pallavas were defeated by which Chola king?
  13. The Cholas conducted a famous naval expedition against which region?
  14. The Rashtrakutas primarily ruled over which region of India?
  15. Which Rashtrakuta ruler wrote "Kavirajamarga"?
  16. The Pallavas are credited with the development of which architectural style?
  17. Which Chola king assumed the title "Gangaikonda Chola"?
  18. The Pallava ruler Narasimhavarman I defeated which northern king?
  19. The Rashtrakutas were overthrown by which dynasty?
  20. The famous Airavateswara Temple was built during the reign of which dynasty?
  21. The Chola administration is best known for its:
  22. The Pallava script served as the basis for scripts in which region?
  23. Who is considered the founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty?
  24. The Pallavas were patrons of which classical Indian dance form?
  25. The Chola Empire controlled which major port city?
  26. The Pallavas were succeeded by which dynasty in Tamil Nadu?
  27. Which Rashtrakuta king patronized Jainism extensively?
  28. The Rashtrakutas are mentioned in which famous Arab traveler’s accounts?
  29. The Cholas were known for their bronze sculptures of which deity?
  30. The famous Mahabalipuram rock-cut temples were commissioned by which Pallava king?
  31. Which Rashtrakuta king expanded his empire to include Kannauj?
  32. The Pallava dynasty's founder was:
  33. The Chola Empire was established by which ruler?