The Second Green Revolution in India focuses on increasing agricultural productivity with a focus on sustainability, inclusive growth, and technological innovation. Unlike the first Green Revolution, this movement aims to address environmental concerns, promote climate-resilient farming, and ensure food and nutritional security for a growing population.

Key Features of the Second Green Revolution

  1. Sustainability Focus: Emphasis on eco-friendly and sustainable farming practices.
  2. Crop Diversification: Encourages cultivation of millets, pulses, and oilseeds alongside traditional crops.
  3. Technological Integration: Use of precision agriculture, biotechnology, and digital farming.
  4. Water Efficiency: Promotes micro-irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler systems.
  5. Focus on Eastern States: Targets Eastern India, where agricultural potential remains untapped.
  6. Climate Resilience: Development of drought-resistant and high-yielding crop varieties.
  7. Inclusive Growth: Involves small and marginal farmers to bridge income and productivity gaps.

Objectives of the Second Green Revolution

  1. Food and Nutritional Security: Ensures sufficient food production to meet the needs of a growing population.
  2. Poverty Alleviation: Aims to enhance rural livelihoods and reduce poverty through higher incomes.
  3. Reducing Regional Disparities: Focuses on underdeveloped regions to promote equitable growth.
  4. Environmental Protection: Addresses issues like soil degradation, water scarcity, and climate change.
  5. Doubling Farmers' Income: Supports initiatives to improve farm productivity and market access.

Initiatives Promoting the Second Green Revolution

  1. National Food Security Mission (NFSM): Focuses on increasing production of rice, wheat, pulses, and coarse cereals.
  2. Soil Health Card Scheme: Encourages balanced use of fertilizers by providing detailed soil health reports.
  3. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY): Aims for water-efficient irrigation.
  4. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Promotes organic farming practices.
  5. E-NAM Platform: Facilitates better market access for farmers by connecting them to digital marketplaces.

Impact of the Second Green Revolution

  1. Increased Productivity: Boosts yields of food grains and other crops.
  2. Environmental Benefits: Reduces the negative impact of chemical fertilizers and over-irrigation.
  3. Economic Growth: Enhances rural incomes and contributes to GDP growth.
  4. Improved Food Security: Ensures availability and accessibility of nutritious food.
  5. Empowerment of Farmers: Promotes education and capacity building for small-scale farmers.

Challenges and Limitations

  1. Adoption of Technology: Limited access to modern technology for small farmers.
  2. Climate Change: Increasing vulnerability of crops to unpredictable weather patterns.
  3. Resource Constraints: Inadequate availability of water and energy for agriculture.
  4. Market Access: Farmers face challenges in accessing fair markets and better prices.
  5. Knowledge Gap: Lack of awareness about sustainable and climate-resilient farming practices.

Key Points

  1. The Second Green Revolution emphasizes sustainable agriculture.
  2. It promotes the use of biotechnology and precision farming.
  3. Focuses on climate-resilient crops to address climate change.
  4. Targets underdeveloped regions, especially in Eastern India.
  5. Encourages crop diversification to include millets and pulses.
  6. Programs like NFSM and PMKSY play a significant role.
  7. Aims to double farmers' income by 2022-23 as per government objectives.
  8. Supports organic farming under the PKVY scheme.
  9. Promotes digital platforms like E-NAM for better market access.
  10. Addresses challenges of soil degradation and water scarcity.
  11. Integrates small and marginal farmers into the agricultural growth story.
  12. Seeks to enhance food and nutritional security.

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