Economics and Social Development

1. Introduction

1. Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.
2. Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies operate on a decentralized network using blockchain technology.
3. Bitcoin, introduced in 2009, was the first cryptocurrency and remains the most well-known.
4. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that ensures transparency and security through immutable records.

2.

1. Introduction

1. A recession refers to a significant decline in economic activity across an economy, lasting for months or years.
2. Supply chain disruptions occur when there are interruptions in the production, distribution, or delivery of goods and services.
3. Both issues have been exacerbated by global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and natural disasters.

2.

1. Introduction

1. Atmanirbhar Bharat translates to "Self-Reliant India," a vision aimed at making India self-sufficient in critical sectors.
2. Launched in May 2020 by the Government of India during the COVID-19 pandemic.
3. Aims to boost domestic manufacturing, infrastructure, and innovation while reducing dependency on imports.

2.

1. Overview of Economic Impact

1. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a severe global economic contraction, disrupting supply chains and reducing demand.
2. India's GDP shrank by 7.3% in FY 2020-21, highlighting the pandemic’s impact.
3. Sectors like hospitality, tourism, and aviation were hit hardest, while IT and e-commerce showed resilience.

2.

1. Overview of Circular Economy

1. A circular economy is a system focused on eliminating waste, continual use of resources, and creating a closed-loop system for sustainability.
2. It emphasizes the principles of reduce, reuse, recycle.
3. Aims to decouple economic growth from the consumption of finite resources.
4. Encourages designing products with longer lifespans and easy reparability.

2.

1. Overview

1. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was launched by the Government of India in 2008 to address the challenges of climate change.
2. It focuses on sustainable development and balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.
3. It includes eight national missions aimed at promoting understanding, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change impacts.

2.

1. Overview

1. Renewable energy sources are derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly, such as solar, wind, and bioenergy.
2. These energy sources are critical for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.
3. India has set ambitious targets under its National Solar Mission and National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) to increase renewable energy capacity.

2.

1. Overview

1. Environmental challenges such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change are major threats to sustainable development.
2. Addressing these challenges is critical for achieving economic growth while preserving natural resources for future generations.

2.

1.

1. Introduction to Women Empowerment Schemes

1. Women empowerment is critical for achieving gender equality and sustainable development.
2. The Government of India has launched various schemes aimed at improving the social, economic, and educational status of women.
3. Key schemes include Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, targeting specific challenges faced by women.

2.