Amendments of the Constitution

Introduction

1. The Basic Structure Doctrine is a judicial principle that prevents amendments that can alter the fundamental essence of the Indian Constitution.
2. It ensures the Constitution’s supremacy and safeguards its core principles from arbitrary changes.
3. This doctrine was established by the Supreme Court of India in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).

Origin of the Doctrine

1. First hinted at in the Sajjan Singh case (1965), where some judges ex

Introduction

1. The Indian Constitution has undergone several amendments to adapt to changing political, social, and economic conditions.
2. Landmark amendments such as the 42nd, 44th, 73rd, 74th, and 101st Amendments have significantly impacted India's governance.
3. These amendments address areas like the basic structure, democracy at the grassroots, and economic reforms.

42nd Amendment Act, 1976

1. Known as the "Mini-Constitution" due to its extensive changes.
2. Added the terms "Socialist," "Secular

Introduction

1. Article 368 of the Indian Constitution provides the procedure for amending the Constitution.
2. Amendments are necessary to address evolving needs and ensure the Constitution remains relevant and effective.
3. The process of amendment maintains the balance between rigidity and flexibility.
4. The Indian Constitution is unique in providing three types of amendments, ensuring adaptability while safeguarding core principles.

Types of Amendments

1.