International Conventions

Montreal Protocol, CITES

Montreal Protocol

  1. The Montreal Protocol is a landmark international treaty adopted in 1987 to protect the ozone layer.
  2. Its full title is the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
  3. Aims to phase out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
  4. Came into force on January 1, 1989.
  5. Signed by 197 parties, making it one of the most successful environmental agreements globally.
  6. The p

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Introduction

  1. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a multilateral treaty adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992.
  2. It aims to promote the conservation of biodiversity, ensure its sustainable use, and advocate for the equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.
  3. The CBD entered into force on December 29, 1993, and currently has 196 parties, making it one of the most widely ratified international treaties.

Rio Earth Summit 1992

Introduction

  1. The Rio Earth Summit, officially called the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 3-14, 1992.
  2. It brought together representatives from over 170 countries to discuss sustainable development and environmental protection.
  3. It was one of the largest gatherings for addressing the global environmental crisis.

Key Objectives of the Summit

  1. To integrate environmental con

Stockholm Conference 1972

Introduction

  1. The Stockholm Conference, officially known as the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from June 5-16, 1972.
  2. It was the first major international event to focus on environmental issues globally.
  3. The conference marked the beginning of international cooperation in environmental protection.

Goals of the Stockholm Conference

  1. To raise global awareness about the need to protect the environment.
International Conventions