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- A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which energy and nutrients flow in an ecosystem.
- Food chains start with producers, such as plants, which convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
- Producers are followed by primary consumers (herbivores), which feed directly on plants.
- Secondary consumers (carnivores) feed on primary consumers.
- Tertiary consumers are top predators that feed on secondary consumers.
- Each step in a food c
- Ecosystems perform essential functions that sustain life on Earth.
- Two primary functions of ecosystems are energy flow and nutrient cycling.
- Energy flow refers to the transfer of energy through different trophic levels in an ecosystem.
- Nutrient cycling involves the recycling of elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus within the ecosystem.
- Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional, moving from the sun to producers and then to consumers and deco
- An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment.
- The term "ecosystem" was first introduced by A.G.