Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus

  1. Elasticity is the property of a material to regain its original shape and size when the deforming force is removed.
  2. The elastic modulus quantifies a material's ability to resist deformation under stress.
  3. There are three primary types of elastic moduli: Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus.
  4. Young’s modulus (Y) measures the elasticity of a material under tensile or compressive stress.
  5. The formula for Young’s modulus

Stress and strain, Hooke's law

  1. Elasticity is the property of a material to return to its original shape and size after the removal of an external force.
  2. Stress is defined as the internal restoring force per unit area induced in a material when subjected to an external force.
  3. The formula for stress is: Stress = Force / Area, and its unit is Pascals (Pa).
  4. Strain is the measure of the deformation of a material, defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension.
  5. There

Plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate (introduction)

  1. Matter exists in five states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
  2. Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter, distinct from solid, liquid, and gas.
  3. The Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is known as the fifth state of matter, discovered in 1995.
  4. Plasma is a hot, ionized gas where atoms lose electrons, creating a mixture of ions and free electrons.
  5. Plasma forms at extremely high temperatures, where t

Solid, liquid, and gas: properties and characteristics

  1. Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas.
  2. Solids have a definite shape and volume due to strong intermolecular forces.
  3. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
  4. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume and expand to fill their container.
  5. The particles in solids are closely packed and have limited movement, resulting in a rigid structure.
  6. Liquids

Common Recruitment Examination (CRE-2024)

The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) invites online applications for the Common Recruitment Examination (CRE-2024) for various Group-B and Group-C posts. The examination will be conducted on behalf of AIIMS and other Central Government Institutes. The recruitment process includes a Computer-Based Test (CBT), skill tests (where applicable), and document verification.

NLC India Limited - Skill Development Training Program 2025

NLC India Limited (NLCIL), a Navratna PSU, invites applications from Project Affected Persons (PAPs) for its residential Skill Development Training Program. The program is aimed at enhancing employability for ITI, Diploma, and Graduate Engineering candidates from project-affected families, sponsored by NLCIL in collaboration with Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation (TNSDC) and Nettur Technical Training Foundation (NTTF).

Supreme Court of India Recruitment 2025

The Supreme Court of India invites online applications for the engagement of Law Clerk-cum-Research Associates on a short-term contractual basis for the term 2025–2026. A total of approximately 90 candidates will be selected, with a consolidated remuneration of ₹80,000 per month. The assignment is purely contractual and does not confer any claim for regular appointment.

Border Roads Organisation (BRO) Recruitment 2025

The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) is inviting applications for 411 vacancies under Advertisement No. 01/2025 for Multi-Skilled Worker (MSW) positions. These are central government jobs offered on a regular basis, with postings across India. Interested candidates are required to apply offline.

Time period, frequency, and amplitude

  1. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a type of oscillatory motion where the restoring force is proportional to displacement and acts in the opposite direction.
  2. The time period (T) of SHM is the time taken to complete one full oscillation.
  3. The frequency (f) is the number of oscillations completed in one second.
  4. The relationship between time period and frequency is given by f = 1/T.
  5. The amplitude (A) is the maximum displacement of the oscillating particle from its equilibrium p

Oscillations, pendulums, and springs

  1. Oscillation is the repetitive motion of a system about its equilibrium position.
  2. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a special type of oscillation where the restoring force is proportional to displacement and acts in the opposite direction.
  3. A system undergoing SHM exhibits a periodic motion with constant frequency and time period.
  4. The motion of a simple pendulum and a mass attached to a spring are classic examples of SHM.
  5. The equation of motion for SHM is F = -kx