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- Urbanization refers to the increasing population in urban areas due to migration and natural growth.
- It leads to the overburdening of infrastructure such as water supply, sewage, and electricity.
- Traffic congestion is a major issue in urban areas due to inadequate road networks and increasing vehicle numbers.
- Air pollution rises as a result of industrialization, transportation, and population density.
- Housing shortages often lead to the development of slums and informal
- Urban planning involves the design and regulation of land use and the built environment in cities and towns.
- Its goal is to create a functional, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing urban environment.
- Urban planning focuses on infrastructure, transportation, housing, and public spaces.
- The concept emerged during the Industrial Revolution to address urban challenges such as overcrowding and sanitation.
- Comprehensive planning is a long-term approach that integrates multiple aspects of u
- Settlements are places where people establish a permanent or temporary residence.
- They are classified based on their size, shape, pattern, and function.
- The two primary types of settlements are rural and urban.
- Rural settlements are small and closely associated with agriculture and natural resources.
- Urban settlements are larger, with complex economic activities and infrastructure.
- Rural Settlements: