1. Jahangir (1605–1627 CE) was the fourth Mughal Emperor, succeeding his father Akbar.
  2. Jahangir was originally named Prince Salim and took the title Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir upon his ascension.
  3. His reign is noted for political stability, economic prosperity, and a flourishing of the arts.
  4. Jahangir was a patron of Mughal painting, which reached new heights under his rule, emphasizing naturalism and portraiture.
  5. His court painter, Ustad Mansur, was famous for his depictions of flora and fauna.
  6. The emperor's wife, Nur Jahan, played a significant role in administration and is often regarded as the real power behind the throne.
  7. Jahangir continued Akbar's policy of religious tolerance, allowing Hindus to practice their faith without interference.
  8. He maintained the Mughal tradition of justice, as illustrated by the famous Chain of Justice that allowed subjects to seek redress directly from the emperor.
  9. Jahangir faced revolts, including a significant rebellion led by his son Khurram (later Shah Jahan).
  10. He had diplomatic relations with the British East India Company, granting trading rights to Sir Thomas Roe.
  11. Jahangir authored his memoirs, the Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, which provide insight into his reign and personality.
  12. Shah Jahan (1628–1658 CE) succeeded Jahangir and is renowned for his architectural contributions.
  13. Born as Prince Khurram, Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal emperor and the grandson of Akbar.
  14. His reign marked the peak of Mughal architectural achievement, with the construction of the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
  15. Other notable architectural works include the Red Fort in Delhi, the Jama Masjid, and the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore.
  16. Shah Jahan expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, consolidating territories in the Deccan and the northwest.
  17. His reign saw increased centralization of administration and revenue collection, continuing the policies of Akbar.
  18. The emperor promoted the Persian language and culture, making it the official language of the Mughal court.
  19. Shah Jahan was an enthusiastic patron of the arts, particularly calligraphy, painting, and poetry.
  20. Despite his achievements, his reign faced economic challenges due to excessive military expenditures and lavish architectural projects.
  21. Shah Jahan's reign ended with a power struggle among his sons, leading to his deposition by his son Aurangzeb in 1658.
  22. He spent the last years of his life under house arrest in the Agra Fort, where he could view the Taj Mahal from a distance.
  23. Shah Jahan's legacy is largely defined by his contributions to Mughal architecture, which continue to attract global admiration.

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Questions

  1. Who succeeded Akbar as the Mughal emperor?
  2. Jahangir's reign is particularly noted for his love of:
  3. The famous memoir of Jahangir is known as:
  4. Nur Jahan, Jahangir's wife, is known for her role in:
  5. Jahangir's policy towards the British East India Company was marked by:
  6. The Mughal emperor who granted permission to the British to trade in India was:
  7. Jahangir's tomb is located in:
  8. Which Mughal emperor built the Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir?
  9. The Peacock Throne was commissioned by:
  10. Shah Jahan is best known for building which architectural marvel?
  11. Jahangir’s reign is famous for the paintings in the style of:
  12. Shah Jahan's reign is often referred to as:
  13. The Taj Mahal was built in memory of:
  14. The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed by:
  15. Jahangir’s military campaign in Mewar led to a treaty with:
  16. The Mughal painting style reached its zenith under which ruler?
  17. The Jama Masjid in Delhi was built by:
  18. Shah Jahan's court historian, who authored "Padshahnama," was:
  19. Which European traveler visited Jahangir’s court?
  20. Jahangir’s reign saw the arrival of which trading company in India?
  21. The Taj Mahal is located in which city?
  22. The Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) in Agra was built by:
  23. Nur Jahan is credited with influencing which Mughal ruler’s policies?
  24. The Diwan-i-Khas in the Red Fort was constructed during the reign of:
  25. Shah Jahan’s reign is marked by the construction of which famous fort?
  26. Which Mughal ruler was known for his interest in natural sciences and botany?
  27. The decline of Mughal miniature painting began after the reign of:
  28. The Persian inscription on the Taj Mahal identifies its architect as:
  29. Jahangir's victory over Kangra Fort was commemorated by:
  30. Shah Jahan’s reign saw the weakening of the Mughal Empire due to:
  31. Jahangir’s addiction to which substances negatively affected his rule?
  32. The Mughal emperor known for the Jahangirnama was:
  33. Shah Jahan’s campaigns in the Deccan were primarily against:
  34. Jahangir introduced a chain of justice called:
  35. The Mughal ruler whose reign saw the construction of the Sheesh Mahal in Lahore was: