Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE)

Aurangzeb and Decline

Aurangzeb (1658–1707) ascended the throne after defeating his brothers, including Dara Shikoh, in a bloody succession war.
Aurangzeb adopted a policy of strict Islamic orthodoxy, reintroducing the jizya tax on non-Muslims in 1679.
He expanded the empire to its greatest territorial extent, covering almost the entire Indian subcontinent.
His military campaigns in the Deccan, against the Marathas and other regional powers, drained the empire's resources.
Aurangzeb’s religious policies, incl

Jahangir (1605–1627 CE) was the fourth Mughal Emperor, succeeding his father Akbar.
Jahangir was originally named Prince Salim and took the title Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir upon his ascension.
His reign is noted for political stability, economic prosperity, and a flourishing of the arts.
Jahangir was a patron of Mughal painting, which reached new heights under his rule, emphasizing naturalism and portraiture.
His court painter, Ustad Mansur, was famous for his depictio

Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India.
He was a descendant of Timur from his father’s side and Genghis Khan from his mother’s side.
Babur ascended the throne of Fergana (modern Uzbekistan) at the age of 12 in 1494.
After losing Samarkand multiple times, Babur turned his attention toward India.
The political situation in India was fragmented, with the Lodhi dynasty in decline.
Babur invaded India for the first time i