1. Emperor Ashoka (reigned c. 268–232 BCE) was one of the greatest rulers of ancient India and the third ruler of the Maurya Empire.
  2. Ashoka is best known for his adoption of Buddhism and his efforts to spread its teachings across Asia.
  3. He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya and the son of Bindusara.
  4. During the early years of his reign, Ashoka expanded the empire through military conquests.
  5. The Kalinga War (c. 261 BCE) was a turning point in Ashoka’s life, leading to widespread death and destruction.
  6. Deeply moved by the suffering caused by the Kalinga War, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and vowed to follow the path of non-violence and Dhamma.
  7. Ashoka’s concept of Dhamma (righteousness) focused on ethical governance, social harmony, and the welfare of his subjects.
  8. He issued a series of Edicts inscribed on rocks and pillars, propagating the principles of Dhamma.
  9. The Ashokan Edicts were written in various scripts, including Brahmi, Kharosthi, and Greek.
  10. The Pillar Edicts and Rock Edicts provide insights into Ashoka’s policies and administration.
  11. Ashoka emphasized religious tolerance and respect for all sects and communities.
  12. The lion capital of the Ashokan pillar at Sarnath was later adopted as the national emblem of India.
  13. Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries to regions including Sri Lanka, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia to spread Buddhism.
  14. His son, Mahinda, and daughter, Sanghamitra, played key roles in spreading Buddhism to Sri Lanka.
  15. Ashoka’s administration was highly efficient, with a focus on public welfare, including the construction of hospitals, roads, and rest houses.
  16. He planted trees along roads and built wells to provide water for travelers.
  17. Ashoka introduced measures to protect animals and promote environmental conservation.
  18. The Mauryan Empire under Ashoka reached its zenith, covering most of the Indian subcontinent and extending into present-day Afghanistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
  19. Ashoka’s governance emphasized the moral and spiritual welfare of his subjects rather than military expansion.
  20. The Third Buddhist Council was convened during Ashoka’s reign to consolidate Buddhist teachings.
  21. Ashoka’s patronage of Buddhism contributed significantly to its development as a major world religion.
  22. The Ashokan pillars, many of which still stand today, are examples of advanced Mauryan art and engineering.
  23. Ashoka’s reign marked a transition from militaristic policies to humanitarian governance.
  24. His inscriptions refer to him as "Devanampriya" (Beloved of the Gods) and "Priyadarshi" (He who looks on kindly).
  25. After Ashoka’s death, the Mauryan Empire began to decline, but his legacy endured.
  26. Ashoka’s emphasis on non-violence influenced leaders like Mahatma Gandhi in the 20th century.
  27. The rediscovery of Ashokan inscriptions in the 19th century by British archaeologists revived interest in his legacy.
  28. His policy of Dhamma emphasized values such as truthfulness, compassion, and self-control.
  29. Ashoka established veterinary clinics for the welfare of animals.
  30. The Kalinga Edicts express his remorse over the war and his resolve to adopt peaceful policies.
  31. Ashoka’s promotion of Buddhism led to the construction of numerous stupas, including the Sanchi Stupa.
  32. The inscriptions highlight Ashoka’s efforts to provide justice and fair treatment for his subjects.
  33. His reign represents one of the earliest examples of a welfare state in human history.
  34. Ashoka’s legacy is celebrated in Indian and global history for his principles of non-violence and compassion.
  35. The spread of Buddhism under Ashoka created cultural and religious links between India and other parts of Asia.
  36. Ashoka’s efforts in governance and public welfare were unparalleled in ancient Indian history.
  37. The lion capital of Sarnath symbolizes unity, courage, and strength.
  38. Ashoka’s policies reflect a commitment to ethical and inclusive governance.
  39. The dissemination of Buddhism during Ashoka’s reign had a lasting impact on Asian art, culture, and philosophy.
  40. Ashoka’s reign is considered a golden age of cultural and intellectual development in India.
  41. The Mauryan administration under Ashoka set a high standard for centralized governance and public welfare systems.

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Questions

  1. Who was the most famous ruler of the Maurya Empire?
  2. The Kalinga War occurred during the reign of which Mauryan emperor?
  3. After the Kalinga War, Ashoka adopted which religion?
  4. The inscriptions of Ashoka are written primarily in which script?
  5. What title did Ashoka use to refer to himself in his inscriptions?
  6. The Edicts of Ashoka were written in how many languages?
  7. The Kalinga War was fought in which present-day Indian state?
  8. Ashoka’s policy of Dhamma was influenced by which religion?
  9. Which text provides detailed accounts of Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism?
  10. The pillars erected by Ashoka were primarily made of:
  11. The Sarnath Lion Capital, adopted as India’s national emblem, was built by:
  12. Ashoka’s reign is known for the spread of Buddhism to which regions?
  13. The Third Buddhist Council was held during whose reign?
  14. What is the name of Ashoka’s edicts carved on rocks and pillars?
  15. The concept of Dhamma promoted by Ashoka primarily emphasized:
  16. The famous Ashokan inscription mentioning Kalinga is located at:
  17. Ashoka sent his son Mahinda to propagate Buddhism to which country?
  18. The decline of the Maurya Empire began after the death of which ruler?
  19. The principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) was emphasized by Ashoka after:
  20. The rock edicts of Ashoka are located in which of these places?
  21. Ashoka referred to his policy of administration as:
  22. Ashoka is believed to have ruled for approximately:
  23. The Ashokan inscriptions use which term for officials responsible for welfare?
  24. The famous Stupa at Sanchi was built during whose reign?
  25. Ashoka’s major contribution to Indian architecture was:
  26. Which of the following symbols is prominently featured on Ashokan pillars?
  27. Ashoka is also known as:
  28. Which famous Buddhist text describes Ashoka’s conversion and policies?
  29. Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries to which foreign region?
  30. Which Mauryan emperor is associated with the spread of Buddhism to Sri Lanka?
  31. Ashoka called the people of his empire his:
  32. The emblem of the Indian Republic, adopted in 1950, was taken from which Ashokan artifact?
  33. The term “Dhamma” in Ashoka’s inscriptions refers to:
  34. Which Greek ambassador visited the Mauryan court during Ashoka’s reign?
  35. The location of the famous Ashokan inscription related to social harmony is at:
  36. Ashoka held the Third Buddhist Council at:
  37. Ashoka’s inscriptions mention which foreign kingdoms?
  38. What was Ashoka’s primary administrative focus post-Kalinga war?