1. Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.
  2. The empire was established to resist the Muslim invasions and to protect Hindu culture and traditions.
  3. Harihara I and Bukka Raya I were originally feudatories of the Hoysala dynasty.
  4. The capital city, Vijayanagara, was located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in present-day Karnataka.
  5. The empire had four main dynasties: Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu.
  6. The reign of Krishna Deva Raya (1509–1529) is considered the golden age of the Vijayanagara Empire.
  7. Krishna Deva Raya was a great patron of art and literature, and his court was adorned by the Ashtadiggajas, or eight poets.
  8. Amuktamalyada, a Telugu work on polity and administration, was written by Krishna Deva Raya.
  9. The empire was known for its advancements in architecture, including the construction of the Virupaksha Temple and the Vittala Temple.
  10. The famous Hampi ruins are a testament to the architectural brilliance of the Vijayanagara Empire.
  11. The economy of the empire was based on agriculture, trade, and commerce.
  12. The empire had strong trade relations with the Portuguese, Arabs, and Southeast Asian countries.
  13. The Bahmani Sultanate was the main rival of the Vijayanagara Empire.
  14. The empire's military strength included a large infantry, cavalry, and war elephants.
  15. Village self-governance and land revenue administration were key features of the Vijayanagara administrative system.
  16. The empire declined after the Battle of Talikota in 1565, where the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara army.
  17. The rulers were known for their religious tolerance and patronage of various religious communities.
  18. Vijayanagara promoted the Bhakti movement, with saints like Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa contributing to its growth.
  19. The use of Persian and Devanagari scripts in inscriptions indicates cultural synthesis.
  20. The Vijayanagara rulers introduced a well-organized taxation system and currency.
  21. They used gold coins called pagodas for trade.
  22. The empire's irrigation systems, such as tanks and canals, supported agricultural productivity.
  23. The literary contributions of the empire include works in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, and Sanskrit.
  24. The decline of the empire led to the rise of regional powers such as the Nayakas and the Mysore kingdom.
  25. Architectural styles like the Dravidian style were refined during this period.
  26. The Vittala Temple's stone chariot is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  27. The reign of Devaraya II (1422–1446) was marked by administrative reforms and military campaigns.
  28. The empire's strategic location facilitated control over peninsular India.
  29. Vijayanagara inscriptions provide valuable information about the socio-economic and cultural life of the period.
  30. The collapse of the empire resulted in the fragmentation of South India into smaller states.
  31. The empire's legacy continues to influence South Indian culture and architecture.

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Questions

  1. Who was the founder of the Vijayanagara Empire?
  2. In which year was the Vijayanagara Empire founded?
  3. The Vijayanagara Empire was primarily located in which region?
  4. Who was the most famous ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire?
  5. The Vijayanagara Empire fought the Battle of Talikota against which coalition?
  6. Which traveler visited Vijayanagara during Krishnadevaraya's reign?
  7. The capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire was located at:
  8. The primary language used for administration in the Vijayanagara Empire was:
  9. Which dynasty ruled the Vijayanagara Empire during its founding?
  10. Who composed the famous Telugu work Amuktamalyada?
  11. The famous Hazara Rama Temple was built during the reign of:
  12. The Vijayanagara rulers were known for promoting which form of architecture?
  13. Which river flows near the Vijayanagara capital of Hampi?
  14. The Vijayanagara Empire was known for its conflicts with which other South Indian kingdom?
  15. The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire began after which battle?
  16. Who was the first ruler of the Tuluva dynasty in Vijayanagara?
  17. The reign of Krishnadevaraya is considered a golden age in which field?
  18. The Vijayanagara Empire’s administration was inspired by which earlier kingdom?
  19. The famous Vittala Temple, with its iconic stone chariot, is located in:
  20. Who authored the historical work Madhura Vijayam, which describes the campaigns of the empire?
  21. The Vijayanagara Empire had trade relations with which European power?
  22. Which ruler of Vijayanagara introduced a land revenue system based on crop classification?
  23. The ruins of Vijayanagara are now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name:
  24. The temple in Hampi dedicated to Lord Virupaksha was built during which dynasty?
  25. Which festival was celebrated grandly during the Vijayanagara period?
  26. The concept of Nayakas (military chieftains) was prevalent under which empire?
  27. The Vijayanagara Empire is famous for its support of which religion?
  28. Which Persian traveler described the wealth and prosperity of Vijayanagara?
  29. The administration of the Vijayanagara Empire was divided into provinces known as: