Early Medieval India (c. 1200–1526 CE)

Bahmani Sultanate

The Bahmani Sultanate was established in 1347 CE by Alauddin Bahman Shah, also known as Hasan Gangu.
It was the first independent Muslim kingdom in the Deccan region, breaking away from the Delhi Sultanate.
The capital of the Bahmani Sultanate was initially at Gulbarga (present-day Kalaburagi) and later shifted to Bidar in 1429 CE.
The Sultanate comprised five main regions: Gulbarga, Bidar, Berar, Ahmednagar, and Bijapur.

Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.
The empire was established to resist the Muslim invasions and to protect Hindu culture and traditions.
Harihara I and Bukka Raya I were originally feudatories of the Hoysala dynasty.
The capital city, Vijayanagara, was located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in present-day Karnataka.
The empire had four main dynasties: Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu.
The reign of Krishna Deva Raya (1509–1529

Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316 CE) was the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
He implemented a strong central administration and sought to curb the power of the nobility and aristocracy.
Alauddin Khilji is known for his market control policies to regulate the prices of essential goods.
He introduced a well-organized spy system to maintain law and order.
He launched military campaigns and annexed regions like Gujarat, Ranthambore, and Malwa.
Alauddin Khilji is celebrated for hi

The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Slave Dynasty.
It marked the beginning of Muslim rule in northern India.
The Delhi Sultanate consisted of five main dynasties: Slave (Mamluk), Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi.
Qutb-ud-din Aibak built the Qutub Minar and the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque.
The Slave Dynasty (1206–1290) was characterized by the rule of Aibak, Iltutmish, and Razia Sultana.
Razia Sultana (1236–1240) was the first and only