The Green Revolution was a transformative period in Indian agriculture during the mid-20th century, aimed at increasing food grain production through the use of modern techniques. It significantly impacted India's agricultural landscape but also brought challenges and limitations.

Agriculture is a cornerstone of the Indian economy, yet it faces numerous challenges that hinder its growth and sustainability. Key issues such as land reforms, low productivity, inadequate irrigation, and inefficient subsidies remain critical concerns for policymakers and stakeholders.

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in India's economy, contributing significantly to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing employment to a large portion of the population. It forms the backbone of the Indian economy, influencing rural development and food security.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global framework adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 to address the world's most pressing challenges by 2030. These 17 goals provide a roadmap for achieving a sustainable future by balancing economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection.

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a measure developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assess gender disparities in human development achievements. It compares the Human Development Index (HDI) values for males and females within a country.

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a comprehensive measure that assesses poverty beyond income by evaluating multiple deprivations faced by individuals in their daily lives. It was developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assess and rank countries based on their level of human development. It goes beyond economic indicators like GDP and considers factors that affect the quality of life.

1. Economic Growth: The GDP growth rate increased from around 3% during the initial plans to over 6% in later years.
2. Industrial Development: Established a strong base for industries, particularly in sectors like steel, coal, and heavy machinery.
3. Infrastructure Development: Expansion of roads, railways, electricity generation, and irrigation systems.
4. Agricultural Improvements: The Green Revolution increased agricultural productivity, ensuring food s

Economic planning involves designing strategies for achieving economic development. The two main types of planning are Indicative Planning and Imperative Planning. These approaches differ in their methodologies and application.

The Planning Commission and NITI Aayog are two key institutions in India's economic planning history. The transition from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog marked a shift in India’s approach to development planning and governance.