1. Introduction

1. The Chief Minister (CM) is the executive head of the state government.
2. The CM and the Council of Ministers form the political executive at the state level.
3. The CM functions as the link between the Governor and the Council of Ministers.

2.

1. Introduction

1. The Governor is the constitutional head of the state, while the Chief Minister (CM) is the head of the state government.
2. The relationship between the Governor and the Chief Minister is central to the functioning of the parliamentary system at the state level.
3. Their relationship must adhere to the principles of the Indian Constitution and federal structure.

2.

1. Introduction to the Governor

1. The Governor is the constitutional head of a state in India, similar to the President's role at the Union level.
2. Governors act as the link between the Union Government and the State Government.
3. They perform their duties under the provisions of Part VI of the Indian Constitution (Articles 153–162).

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1. Overview

1. The independence of the judiciary is a cornerstone of Indian democracy, ensuring fair and impartial justice.
2. It guarantees that the judiciary operates free from the influence of the executive, legislature, and any external pressures.
3. This principle is critical to maintaining the rule of law and protecting fundamental rights.

2.

1. Overview of the Indian Judiciary

1. The Indian judiciary is a single integrated judicial system established by the Constitution of India.
2. It follows a three-tier structure: the Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.
3. The judiciary is independent and acts as the guardian of the Constitution.

2.

1. Introduction to Budget

1. The Union Budget, also known as the Annual Financial Statement, is presented under Article 112 of the Constitution.
2. It outlines the government's estimated receipts and expenditures for a financial year (April 1 to March 31).
3. The Budget is a crucial instrument of fiscal policy.
4. Prepared by the Ministry of Finance, it is presented by the Finance Minister.

2.

1. Sessions of Parliament

1. The President of India summons and prorogues the sessions of Parliament (Article 85).
2. There are three major sessions each year: Budget Session (February to May), Monsoon Session (July to September), and Winter Session (November to December).
3. The gap between two sessions must not exceed six months.
4. The first sitting of each session includes the President's address to the joint session (Article 87).

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