1. The Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than the northeastern states.
2. The Sixth Schedule pertains to the administration of tribal areas in the northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
3. Both Schedules aim to provide special governance and protect the rights of tribal communities.
4. The Fifth Schedule empowers the President to declare areas as

1. Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) was granted special status under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution.
2. Article 370 allowed J&K to have its own Constitution and autonomy over internal matters except for defense, foreign affairs, communications, and ancillary matters.
3. Article 35A, incorporated via a Presidential Order in 1954, empowered the J&K legislature to define "permanent residents" and grant them special rights and privileges.
4. The special status meant that Indian laws were not direct

1. Union Territories (UTs) are directly administered by the Central Government, unlike states which have their own governments.
2. There are 8 Union Territories in India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh.
3. The administration of UTs is governed by Articles 239 to 241 of the Constitution of India.
4. Article 239: Provides for the administration of UTs by the President thro

1. Inadequate financial resources: Local bodies often lack sufficient funds to implement developmental programs effectively.
2. Dependence on state governments: Local bodies heavily rely on state government grants, undermining their autonomy.
3. Limited devolution of powers: Many state governments are reluctant to transfer sufficient power to local governments.
4. Political interference: Local governance is often affected by undue political intervention, leading to inefficiency and corruption.

1. Introduction

1. The 74th Amendment Act, enacted in 1992, provides a constitutional framework for Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).
2. Introduced Part IXA in the Constitution, covering Articles 243P to 243ZG.
3. Aimed to ensure democratic decentralization in urban governance.

2.

1. Introduction

1. The Gram Sabha is the cornerstone of the Panchayati Raj System, introduced by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992.
2. Defined under Article 243A of the Constitution.
3. It comprises all registered voters in a village or a group of villages.

2.

1. Introduction

1. The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 provided a constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj system.
2. It added a new Part IX to the Constitution, titled "The Panchayats", and Article 243 to 243O.
3. The amendment came into effect on April 24, 1993.

2.

1.

1. Introduction

1. The State Legislature is responsible for the law-making process in a state.
2. India has a mix of unicameral and bicameral state legislatures, depending on the size and requirements of the state.
3. The legislature can consist of one house (unicameral) or two houses (bicameral).

2.

1. Introduction

1. The Governor acts as the constitutional head of the state, while the Chief Minister (CM) is the executive head.
2. The relationship between the Governor and CM is central to the functioning of the state government.
3. The Governor exercises powers on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the CM, except in specific discretionary matters.

2.