Properties and applications of each part of the spectrum 1. Radio WavesLongest wavelength and lowest frequency in the spectrum.Used in radio broadcasting, television signals, and mobile communication.Essential for radar and GPS technology.2.
Types of electromagnetic waves: radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays 1. Electromagnetic SpectrumThe electromagnetic spectrum consists of different types of electromagnetic waves arranged based on their wavelength and frequency.It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.The waves differ in their wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and energy.2.
Conductors, insulators, and semiconductors 1. ConductorsConductors are materials that allow the easy flow of electric current.Their conductivity is due to the presence of free electrons.Examples include metals such as copper, aluminum, and silver.Conductors have very low resistivity (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁸ Ω·m).They are widely used in electrical wiring and electronic circuits.2.
Cathode ray tube and its applications (e.g., television) 1. Introduction to Cathode RaysCathode rays are streams of electrons emitted from the cathode in a vacuum tube.They were first observed by J.J. Thomson, who identified them as negatively charged particles (electrons).Cathode rays are produced when a high voltage is applied across a vacuum tube with a cathode and anode.They travel in straight lines and cause fluorescence when they strike certain materials.2.
Types of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, gamma) Types of Radioactive DecayRadioactive decay is the process by which an unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation. The three main types of radioactive decay are: