Surface Chemistry

1. Introduction to Colloids

1. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture where one substance is dispersed in another substance.
2. The dispersed particles are between 1 and 1000 nm in size, which is larger than molecules but smaller than particles in suspensions.
3. Dispersed phase: The substance present in smaller quantity.
4. Dispersion medium: The substance in which the dispersed phase is distributed.

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1. What are Emulsions?

1. An emulsion is a type of colloid where two immiscible liquids are dispersed into each other.
2. One liquid acts as the dispersed phase, and the other acts as the dispersion medium.
3. Emulsions are stabilized by substances called emulsifying agents, such as soaps and detergents.

2. Types of Emulsions

1. Oil-in-water (O/W): Oil droplets are dispersed in water.

1. Introduction to Adsorption

1. Adsorption is the process where particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) from a substance accumulate on the surface of another substance.
2. The substance on which adsorption occurs is called the adsorbent.
3. The substance being adsorbed is called the adsorbate.
4. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon and differs from absorption, which involves penetration into the bulk.

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