Gymnosperms

1. Introduction

1. Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants where seeds are not enclosed within a fruit.
2. The term "Gymnosperm" means "naked seed" in Greek.
3. They are vascular plants with well-developed xylem and phloem.
4. Common examples include Pine, Cycas, Ginkgo, and Ephedra.
5. Most gymnosperms are woody perennials and include large trees.

2.