Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Use of micropropagation in plant breeding

1. Introduction to Micropropagation

Micropropagation is a technique of rapid plant multiplication using tissue culture.
It allows for the production of genetically identical plants (clones).
Plays a crucial role in plant breeding, conservation, and commercial horticulture.

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Methods and applications of tissue culture

1. Introduction to Tissue Culture

Tissue Culture is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile nutrient medium.
It is based on the principle of totipotency, which means every plant cell has the potential to develop into a complete plant.
Uses a controlled environment with proper temperature, light, and nutrients.
Essential for rapid propagation, conservation, and genetic modifications.

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Applications in agriculture (e.g., GM crops, pest-resistant plants)

1. Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Agriculture

Genetic engineering involves modifying the DNA of crops to enhance desirable traits.
It is widely used in crop improvement, pest resistance, and stress tolerance.
Genetically modified (GM) crops are produced using Recombinant DNA Technology.
Aim: To enhance yield, resistance to pests, tolerance to drought, and nutritional value.

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Recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning

1. Introduction to Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA using biotechnology.
It allows scientists to alter genes for improving traits in plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Used in agriculture, medicine, and industrial applications.

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Objectives, hybridization, heterosis, selection methods

1. Introduction to Plant Breeding

Plant breeding is the science of improving plant traits for human benefit.
It involves selection, hybridization, and genetic modification of plants.
Aims to develop high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient crops.

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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology