Geomorphology

Major geomorphic features

  1. Geomorphic features are landforms created by internal and external forces shaping the Earth's surface.
  2. These features are classified into primary (endogenic) and secondary (exogenic) landforms.
  3. Primary landforms are formed by tectonic activities like mountain building, volcanism, and faulting.
  4. Mountains: Elevated landforms created by tectonic forces, classified as fold, block, volcanic, or residual mountains.
  5. Fold mountains: Formed by compressional force

External processes

  1. External processes are geomorphic activities that originate from forces outside the Earth's surface.
  2. These processes are also called exogenic processes.
  3. They include weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition.
  4. External processes are driven by solar energy, gravity, and the hydrological cycle.
  5. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means.
  6. Physical weat

Internal processes

  1. Internal processes are geomorphic activities driven by forces originating within the Earth's interior.
  2. These processes include tectonic activities, volcanism, earthquakes, and orogeny.
  3. They are also referred to as endogenic processes.
  4. The primary source of energy for internal processes is the Earth's internal heat.
  5. Plate tectonics is a major component, involving the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates.
  6. Plate movements are driven by ma

Landforms

  1. Landforms are natural physical features of the Earth's surface created by various geomorphic processes.
  2. They are shaped by both endogenic forces (internal) and exogenic forces (external).
  3. Endogenic forces include processes like volcanism, tectonism, and earthquakes.
  4. Exogenic forces include processes like weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition.
  5. Landforms can be classified into three major types: structural, erosional
Geomorphology