1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)

  1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was launched in 2001 as a flagship program to achieve Universal Elementary Education (UEE).
  2. The program aims to provide free and compulsory education to children aged 6-14 years.
  3. Focuses on reducing gender disparity in education and promoting the education of girls.
  4. Improves infrastructure by building schools, classrooms, and toilets.
  5. Encourages teacher training to enhance teaching quality.
  6. Promotes inclusive education for children with disabilities.
  7. Implemented under the framework of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.
  8. SSA was subsumed under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in 2018 to integrate it with secondary education.

2. Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009

  1. The RTE Act was enacted to ensure the implementation of Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.
  2. Mandates free and compulsory education for all children aged 6-14 years.
  3. Stipulates that no child shall be denied admission due to lack of documents or prior education.
  4. Ensures that private schools reserve 25% of seats for economically weaker sections (EWS).
  5. Prohibits practices such as capitation fees, screening tests, and physical punishment.
  6. Focuses on teacher-student ratios, infrastructure development, and learning outcomes.
  7. Empowers parents through School Management Committees (SMCs).
  8. The act has significantly contributed to reducing the dropout rate in schools.

3. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

  1. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to transform India’s education system by 2040.
  2. Proposes a shift from the 10+2 system to a 5+3+3+4 structure covering ages 3-18 years.
  3. Emphasizes early childhood care and education (ECCE).
  4. Promotes multilingual education, with a focus on mother tongue/regional language as the medium of instruction.
  5. Aims to achieve a gross enrollment ratio (GER) of 100% by 2030.
  6. Focuses on skill development and vocational training starting from Class 6.
  7. Integrates technology into teaching and learning through digital platforms.
  8. Establishes a National Assessment Centre called PARAKH for standard-setting and evaluation.
  9. Strengthens teacher training and professional development.
  10. Advocates for holistic and multidisciplinary education at higher levels.
  11. Encourages the establishment of HECI (Higher Education Commission of India) as a single regulator for higher education.
  12. Focuses on inclusive education for disadvantaged and differently-abled groups.
  13. Emphasizes critical thinking, creativity, and experiential learning.

Key Contributions

  1. The combined efforts of SSA, RTE, and NEP 2020 aim to ensure quality education for all.
  2. These schemes address challenges like dropout rates, gender inequality, and low learning outcomes.
  3. Focus on leveraging technology to bridge gaps in access and quality of education.
  4. Promote sustainable development through education by aligning with the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).

Category

Questions

  1. What is the full form of SSA?
  2. When was the Right to Education (RTE) Act implemented in India?
  3. Under the RTE Act, education is made free and compulsory for children in which age group?
  4. What is the primary aim of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)?
  5. What is one of the key focus areas of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020?
  6. NEP 2020 aims to increase the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in higher education to what by 2035?
  7. Under the RTE Act, what is the minimum percentage of seats private schools must reserve?
  8. What year was the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) launched?
  9. What is the new pedagogical structure proposed in NEP 2020?
  10. Which government scheme is focused on vocational training at the school level?
  11. Which provision does RTE include to ensure quality education?
  12. What is the age group covered under NEP 2020's Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)?
  13. Under SSA, which program focuses on improving the learning outcomes of children?
  14. What is the main funding mechanism for SSA?
  15. What is the key objective of NEP 2020 for teacher training?
  16. Under the RTE Act, what is the ratio of teachers to students for primary classes?
  17. Which scheme replaced SSA and RMSA to provide holistic education?
  18. What is the medium of instruction emphasized in NEP 2020 for early grades?
  19. NEP 2020 introduced which feature to make higher education accessible for all?
  20. Which body was proposed under NEP 2020 for the regulation of higher education?
  21. What is the provision for students with special needs under SSA?
  22. Which assessment initiative was introduced in NEP 2020 for tracking learning outcomes?
  23. What is the target literacy rate set under SSA?
  24. Which program supports digital infrastructure for education as part of SSA?
  25. Which body oversees the implementation of RTE in states?
  26. What is the aim of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme linked with SSA?
  27. NEP 2020 recommends which curriculum revision for schools?
  28. What funding share do the central and state governments have for SSA?
  29. NEP 2020 aims to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy by which year?
  30. Which program under SSA specifically focuses on tribal and minority education?