- Unemployment is defined as the condition where individuals are willing to work at the prevailing wage rate but cannot find jobs.
- The measurement of unemployment in India is conducted by organizations like the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS).
- The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.
- Labor force participation rate (LFPR) indicates the proportion of the working-age population that is either employed or actively looking for work.
- Worker Population Ratio (WPR) measures the proportion of the working-age population that is employed.
- In India, unemployment is classified into different types such as structural, frictional, cyclical, disguised, and seasonal unemployment.
- The Usual Principal Status (UPS) method measures unemployment based on the activity of an individual during the reference year.
- The Current Weekly Status (CWS) method measures unemployment based on the activity status of an individual during a reference week.
- The Daily Status Approach measures unemployment on the basis of the activity status of an individual on each day of the reference week.
- Urban unemployment is more prominent in India, especially among educated youth.
- Unemployment in rural areas is often disguised due to reliance on agriculture and seasonal work.
- India’s unemployment rate has fluctuated over the years, with significant spikes during economic slowdowns and pandemics.
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, India experienced a sharp rise in unemployment due to lockdowns and disruptions in economic activities.
- Technological advancements and automation have contributed to structural unemployment.
- The IT and services sector has created jobs but also increased the demand for skilled workers, leaving unskilled workers unemployed.
- India has implemented several government programs to tackle unemployment, such as MGNREGA, Skill India, and Start-up India.
- Seasonal unemployment is prevalent in agriculture, where jobs are available only during sowing and harvesting seasons.
- Youth unemployment remains a critical issue due to a mismatch between education and job market requirements.
- The gig economy has emerged as a new source of employment but often lacks job security and benefits.
- India has a significant number of underemployed individuals who work part-time or below their skill level.
- Regional disparities in economic development contribute to higher unemployment in certain states and regions.
- Unemployment trends indicate that women face higher unemployment rates compared to men.
- India’s unemployment trends are also influenced by global economic factors such as recessions and trade dynamics.
- The introduction of Periodic Labour Force Surveys (PLFS) in 2017 improved the accuracy of unemployment measurements in India.
- Unemployment among graduates and postgraduates is rising, highlighting the need for skill-based education.
- Informal employment dominates the Indian labor market, contributing to hidden unemployment.
- The Employment Guarantee Scheme under MGNREGA ensures at least 100 days of wage employment for rural households.
- Skill development initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) aim to improve employability.
- India’s economy requires a focus on labor-intensive industries to absorb the growing workforce.
- Technological unemployment is becoming a challenge as automation and AI disrupt traditional job roles.
- The unorganized sector employs a significant portion of the labor force, contributing to irregular and insecure employment.
- Urbanization and rural-urban migration have led to frictional and disguised unemployment in cities.
- India’s unemployment rate stood at around 7.8% in 2023, with significant variations across states.
- Women’s participation in the workforce remains low, contributing to gender-specific unemployment trends.
- Unemployment trends indicate a need for reforms in labor laws to create a conducive environment for job creation.
- The education system in India needs to be aligned with market demands to reduce educated unemployment.
- Public-private partnerships (PPPs) can play a vital role in creating jobs and reducing unemployment.
- Unemployment contributes to poverty, social unrest, and reduced economic productivity.
- Government initiatives like Make in India aim to boost manufacturing and generate employment.
- The service sector is a major contributor to employment but requires diversification to accommodate more workers.
- Inclusive growth policies are essential to address the unemployment challenges in India.
- India’s demographic dividend presents both opportunities and challenges in the employment sector.
- Entrepreneurship promotion through schemes like Stand-up India can help create self-employment opportunities.
Questions
- What is the method used in India to calculate unemployment based on a person’s usual activity status?
- The unemployment rate is calculated as a percentage of which group?
- The Current Daily Status (CDS) approach captures unemployment on a...
- Which organization in India is primarily responsible for employment and unemployment surveys?
- The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) replaced which earlier employment survey?
- What is the unemployment rate calculated using the Current Weekly Status (CWS) method?
- What term refers to the percentage of the labor force that is jobless but actively seeking employment?
- In India, disguised unemployment is mostly prevalent in which sector?
- The unemployment rate in India is highest among which age group?
- Which survey provides the most detailed data on employment and unemployment in India?
- Which type of unemployment is not directly measured in employment surveys in India?
- What does the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) measure?
- According to the PLFS, what term is used for those who are not working but are available for work?
- The unemployment rate is highest in urban areas under which method of measurement?
- What is the main limitation of the Usual Status approach in measuring unemployment?
- Youth unemployment is primarily caused by which factor in India?
- Which term refers to the total number of people who are employed or actively seeking employment?
- Which body publishes the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) reports?
- Which is the most commonly used indicator to understand employment trends in India?
- The unemployment rate in rural areas is typically...
- Underemployment is most common in which sector in India?
- Which report provides unemployment trends globally and is published by an international body?
- Unemployment caused by a lack of demand for goods and services is known as...
- Seasonal unemployment is most prevalent in India during which period?
- What is the long-term unemployment rate used to indicate?
- Which sector has shown the highest job growth in recent years in India?
- According to the PLFS, what does Worker Population Ratio (WPR) represent?
- In India, unemployment is highest among people with which level of education?
- Which state in India typically records the lowest unemployment rate?
- Which demographic is most affected by disguised unemployment in India?