Basic structure doctrineIntroductionThe Basic Structure Doctrine is a judicial principle that prevents amendments that can alter the fundamental essence of the Indian Constitution.It ensures the Constitution’s supremacy and…
Landmark amendmentsIntroductionThe Indian Constitution has undergone several amendments to adapt to changing political, social, and economic conditions.Landmark amendments such as the 42nd, 44th, 73rd, 74th, and 101st…
Types of amendmentsIntroductionArticle 368 of the Indian Constitution provides the procedure for amending the Constitution.Amendments are necessary to address evolving needs and ensure the Constitution remains relevant…
Secularism, socialism, and democracyIntroductionThe Indian Constitution is based on the principles of secularism, socialism, and democracy.These features are derived from the Preamble and are fundamental to the Indian state and…
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)IntroductionThe Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution (Articles 36–51).DPSPs are guidelines for the government to establish a just and…
Fundamental rights and dutiesIntroductionThe Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12 to 35).The Fundamental Duties are listed in Part IV-A (Article 51A), added by the 42nd Amendment…
Parliamentary form of governmentIntroductionThe Indian Constitution establishes a parliamentary form of government both at the Union and State levels.This system is based on the Westminster model of governance, which originated in…
Federal structure with unitary biasIntroductionThe Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of governance with a strong unitary bias.It incorporates features of both federalism and unitarism, making it a unique form of…
Lengthiest written ConstitutionOverviewThe Indian Constitution is the lengthiest written Constitution in the world.It originally consisted of 395 articles divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules.As of now, it includes more than 470…
Adoption and enactment of the ConstitutionHistorical ContextThe Constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly, established under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.The drafting process took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, from…