- The National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) are constitutional bodies established under Article 338 and Article 338A, respectively.
- These commissions were created to safeguard the rights and interests of the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).
- The NCSC and NCST were originally a single body until they were bifurcated in 2003 by the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act.
- The primary function of both commissions is to investigate and monitor issues related to the safeguards provided to SCs and STs under the Constitution.
- The NCSC focuses on the welfare and protection of Scheduled Castes, while the NCST does the same for Scheduled Tribes.
- Both commissions report directly to the President of India.
- The NCSC and NCST are empowered to inquire into complaints of violations of rights and safeguards of SCs and STs.
- They also advise the government on the formulation and implementation of welfare schemes and policies for SCs and STs.
- The commissions have the power of a civil court while investigating complaints.
- The NCSC and NCST can summon witnesses, demand documents, and examine evidence related to complaints.
- The commissions recommend measures for the effective implementation of constitutional provisions related to SCs and STs.
- They play a crucial role in ensuring the representation of SCs and STs in public services, legislatures, and educational institutions.
- Both commissions review the progress of the implementation of various development programs and laws related to SCs and STs.
- The commissions submit annual and special reports to the President, which are then tabled in Parliament.
- They work to prevent discrimination, atrocities, and exploitation of SCs and STs.
- The NCSC and NCST have the mandate to spread awareness about the rights and entitlements of SCs and STs.
- They review the implementation of protective legislations such as the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
- The commissions monitor the functioning of various institutions and authorities responsible for implementing safeguards for SCs and STs.
- The Chairpersons of the NCSC and NCST are appointed by the President of India.
- Each commission consists of a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson, and three other members.
- The term of office for the members is generally three years.
- They ensure the proper allocation and utilization of funds meant for the development of SCs and STs.
- The NCSC and NCST work closely with state governments to address issues faced by SCs and STs at the grassroots level.
- Both commissions actively promote the socio-economic development of SCs and STs.
- The NCSC and NCST address grievances related to the denial of reservation benefits and representation in employment.
- The commissions play a significant role in fostering social justice and inclusion for marginalized communities.
- The NCSC and NCST assist in policy-making for the socio-economic upliftment of SCs and STs.
- They engage with civil society and NGOs to monitor the welfare of SCs and STs.
- Both commissions have been instrumental in implementing key initiatives like Tribal Sub-Plan and Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan.
- The commissions also address issues related to land alienation, displacement, and forced evictions of STs.
- The NCSC monitors compliance with Article 17, which abolishes untouchability and prohibits its practice in any form.
- The NCST addresses the implementation of the Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution, which pertain to tribal areas.
- Both commissions work to eradicate social evils like caste-based discrimination and exploitation of SCs and STs.
- They provide inputs for international treaties and conventions related to the rights of indigenous and marginalized communities.
- The commissions are key to fostering inclusive development and reducing inequalities in India.