International agreements

International agreements are treaties and protocols established between countries to address global environmental issues.
The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit global warming to below 2°C and strive for 1.5°C.
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) set binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for developed countries.
The Montreal Protocol (1987) focuses on phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1992) provides a framework for international cooperation on climate change.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1992) promotes the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of its components.
The Ramsar Convention (1971) is dedicated to the conservation and wise use of wetlands.
The Stockholm Convention (2001) aims to eliminate or restrict the production of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
The Basel Convention (1989) regulates the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) (1994) addresses issues of desertification and land degradation.
The CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) regulates international trade in endangered species.
The Rotterdam Convention (1998) ensures informed consent for the import and export of hazardous chemicals.
The Minamata Convention (2013) addresses issues related to mercury pollution.
The Vienna Convention (1985) works in conjunction with the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer.
The Oslo Protocol (1991) addresses the reduction of sulfur emissions that cause acid rain.
The Helsinki Protocol focuses on reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.
The Antarctic Treaty (1959) ensures the protection of the Antarctic environment and its resources.
The International Solar Alliance (ISA) (2015) promotes solar energy usage to combat climate change.
The Agenda 21, adopted at the Rio Earth Summit (1992), focuses on sustainable development goals.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (2015) include environmental sustainability as a core objective.
The International Whaling Commission (IWC) regulates whaling activities to conserve whale populations.
The Nairobi Convention promotes the sustainable management of coastal and marine ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean region.
The Cartagena Protocol (2000) is an international agreement on biosafety under the CBD.
The Nagoya Protocol (2010) addresses access to genetic resources and fair benefit-sharing.
The London Convention (1972) prevents marine pollution caused by dumping wastes into oceans.
The International Seabed Authority (ISA) governs the exploration and exploitation of seabed resources.
The Bonn Convention (1979) conserves migratory species of wild animals.
The G7 and G20 summits often include discussions on environmental issues and commitments.
The World Heritage Convention (1972) protects sites of cultural and natural importance.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) finances projects related to biodiversity, climate change, and pollution.
The UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) promotes environmental sustainability globally.
REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) focuses on forest conservation and carbon storage.
The ICIMOD (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development) addresses sustainable development in mountain regions.
The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a major tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Europe.
The Climate Adaptation Fund supports developing countries in adapting to climate impacts.
The Blue Carbon Initiative promotes conservation of coastal and marine ecosystems for carbon sequestration.
International agreements are crucial for addressing transboundary environmental challenges.
Enforcement of international agreements requires political will and collaboration among nations.
These agreements aim to balance economic development with environmental sustainability.
Global initiatives highlight the importance of collective action for a sustainable future.