Types of roots: taproot, fibrous, adventitious1. IntroductionPlant morphology refers to the external structure of plants.The three main vegetative organs are the root, stem, and leaf.Roots anchor the plant, stems provide support, and leaves…
Seed structure and types of germination (epigeal, hypogeal)1. Introduction to SeedsA seed is a fertilized and matured ovule that gives rise to a new plant.It consists of essential structures necessary for plant growth.Seeds are the primary means of…
Classification of fruits: simple, aggregate, multiple1. Introduction to FruitsA fruit is a matured and ripened ovary that contains seeds.It develops after fertilization, although some fruits form without fertilization (called parthenocarpic fruits).The…
Types of inflorescence (racemose, cymose)1. Introduction to FlowersA flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms.It is responsible for sexual reproduction and produces seeds.Flowers can be unisexual (having either stamens or carpels) or…
Parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamens, pistil)1. IntroductionThe flower is the reproductive organ of angiosperms.It consists of four main parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.The arrangement of flowers on a plant is called inflorescence.2.
Leaf structure, types, venation (parallel, reticulate), and phyllotaxy1. IntroductionThe leaf is a lateral, flattened structure of the plant, mainly responsible for photosynthesis.It is typically green due to the presence of chlorophyll.Leaves arise from the nodes of…
Types and modifications of stems (rhizomes, tubers, runners)1. IntroductionThe stem is the main axis of the plant that bears leaves, flowers, and fruits.It helps in support, conduction, and storage of nutrients.Stems can be modified to perform specialized…
Modifications of roots (storage, support, respiration)1. IntroductionRoots are the underground part of the plant that provides anchorage and absorption.In some plants, roots are modified to perform specialized functions.Root modifications are classified…