Plant Kingdom (Classification and Diversity)

1. Introduction

1. Angiosperms are the most advanced and diverse group of plants.
2. They are also known as flowering plants because they produce flowers.
3. Angiosperms are characterized by enclosed seeds inside a fruit.
4. They belong to the division Angiospermae under the kingdom Plantae.
5. They are found in almost all habitats, including land, water, and extreme conditions.

2.

1. Introduction

1. Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants where seeds are not enclosed within a fruit.
2. The term "Gymnosperm" means "naked seed" in Greek.
3. They are vascular plants with well-developed xylem and phloem.
4. Common examples include Pine, Cycas, Ginkgo, and Ephedra.
5. Most gymnosperms are woody perennials and include large trees.

2.

1. Introduction

1. Pteridophytes are the first true land plants to develop vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).
2. They are often called the "Botanical Amphibians" as they require water for fertilization.
3. Commonly found in moist and shady places like forests, hillsides, and riverbanks.
4. Examples include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.
5. The dominant phase in their life cycle is the sporophyte.

2.

1.

1. Introduction

1. Algae are simple, autotrophic, and aquatic photosynthetic organisms.
2. They lack true roots, stems, and leaves.
3. Found in freshwater, marine water, moist soil, and even extreme environments.
4. They reproduce by vegetative, asexual, and sexual methods.

2.