- The Green Revolution was initiated in the mid-1960s to increase agricultural productivity in India.
- It was introduced during the Third Five-Year Plan to address food shortages and dependency on imports.
- The key architect of the Green Revolution in India was M.S. Swaminathan, known as the "Father of the Green Revolution."
- The revolution focused on the adoption of High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, especially for wheat and rice.
- Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh were the main regions benefitting from the Green Revolution.
- The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation significantly boosted crop yields.
- The introduction of mechanization, such as tractors and harvesters, improved farming efficiency.
- The Green Revolution led to self-sufficiency in food grains, reducing dependency on imports.
- India's production of wheat and rice saw a remarkable increase, ensuring food security.
- The revolution helped India achieve the White Revolution, boosting milk production alongside crops.
- It significantly contributed to the reduction of poverty in rural areas by increasing farm incomes.
- The Green Revolution led to the establishment of agricultural universities and research centers.
- The use of HYV seeds required extensive irrigation, leading to large-scale irrigation projects.
- The revolution promoted the use of chemical inputs, which resulted in the degradation of soil health over time.
- The focus on wheat and rice led to the neglect of other crops, causing a lack of crop diversification.
- Regions like Punjab and Haryana faced severe issues of water depletion due to excessive irrigation.
- The environmental impact of the Green Revolution includes soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity.
- It widened the gap between small and large farmers, as small farmers struggled to afford modern inputs.
- The Green Revolution paved the way for the adoption of new technologies in agriculture.
- It laid the foundation for the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system to stabilize farmers' incomes.
- The increase in food production led to the establishment of the Public Distribution System (PDS).
- India transformed from a food-deficit country to a major exporter of food grains.
- The revolution encouraged the use of chemical fertilizers, which became a significant input cost for farmers.
- It resulted in the development of agro-based industries like fertilizer and pesticide production.
- The revolution led to an increase in employment opportunities in agriculture and related sectors.
- Monocropping, or the excessive focus on a single crop, became a major concern post-Green Revolution.
- The excessive use of pesticides led to the contamination of groundwater in several regions.
- The social impact of the Green Revolution included the migration of rural populations to urban areas due to surplus labor.
- The adoption of new technologies required extensive training and education for farmers.
- Land reforms during this period supported the effective implementation of the Green Revolution.
- The government introduced policies to subsidize inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation facilities.
- The revolution played a role in reducing famine occurrences in post-independence India.
- The focus on high-input agriculture led to an increase in the cost of production.
- It spurred the growth of research institutions like ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research).
- States that did not adopt the Green Revolution technologies lagged in agricultural growth.
- The Green Revolution promoted rural electrification to power irrigation systems and farm machinery.
- It was a crucial step towards achieving the goal of food security for India's growing population.
- The success of the Green Revolution inspired similar initiatives like the Second Green Revolution.
- The Green Revolution had a mixed impact on the environment and social equity, highlighting the need for sustainable practices.
Category