Monsoon | iexam

The Indian monsoon is a seasonal wind system influencing the climate of the Indian subcontinent.
Monsoon winds are caused by differential heating and cooling of land and sea.
The two branches of the Indian monsoon are the Southwest Monsoon and the Northeast Monsoon.
The Southwest Monsoon occurs from June to September and brings significant rainfall to most parts of India.
The Northeast Monsoon occurs from October to December and primarily affects Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts northward during the summer, attracting monsoon winds.
High-pressure systems over the Indian Ocean and low-pressure systems over the land drive monsoon winds.
The Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall due to orographic lifting during the Southwest Monsoon.
The Rain-shadow region of the Western Ghats, such as the Deccan Plateau, receives lesser rainfall.
Kerala is the first state in India to receive the monsoon, usually by the first week of June.
The monsoon progresses northward and covers most of the country by mid-July.
The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon brings heavy rains to northeastern states and the Gangetic plains.
The Arabian Sea branch affects western India, including Maharashtra and Gujarat.
The retreating monsoon marks the end of the Southwest Monsoon season, beginning in September.
Breaks in monsoon refer to periods of reduced rainfall during the monsoon season.
The monsoon accounts for over 70% of India's annual rainfall.
The El Niño phenomenon weakens the monsoon, leading to drought-like conditions in India.
The La Niña phenomenon strengthens the monsoon, causing excessive rainfall.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) predicts monsoon behavior using advanced models.
Monsoon rainfall supports agriculture, which is a key sector in the Indian economy.
Excessive monsoon rains can cause floods, while weak monsoons may lead to droughts.
The Monsoon Trough is a region of low pressure that influences rainfall distribution.
The Cherrapunji-Mawsynram area in Meghalaya receives the highest rainfall in India during the monsoon.
Regions like Rajasthan and the Thar Desert receive scant rainfall due to their location and wind patterns.
Deforestation and urbanization are impacting monsoon patterns and increasing climate variability.
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also influences monsoon strength and distribution.
Monsoons replenish rivers, lakes, and groundwater, supporting water availability.
Monsoon failures can disrupt food security and energy production, particularly in hydropower sectors.
The Himalayas act as a barrier, guiding monsoon winds into the Indian subcontinent.
The break monsoon phase occurs due to weakening of the monsoon trough.
Cyclones often form in the Bay of Bengal during the monsoon season.
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands experience monsoon rains earlier than mainland India.
Monsoon variability significantly impacts livelihoods and rural development in India.
The Green Revolution benefited from monsoon-dependent agriculture in India.
Improved irrigation infrastructure reduces dependence on erratic monsoons.
Monsoons are integral to Indian festivals and cultural practices, reflecting their societal importance.
The study of monsoons is crucial for planning in sectors like agriculture, water resources, and disaster management.
The Northwest India region receives lower rainfall due to distance from the monsoon source.
The monsoon onset is influenced by pre-monsoon heating over the Indian subcontinent.
Global climate change is altering monsoon timing and intensity.
The All-India Monsoon Rainfall Index measures annual monsoon rainfall trends.
Monsoon behavior is a critical focus area for research in climate science and meteorology.
Weather patterns like depressions and lows enhance rainfall during the monsoon season.
Monsoon rain distribution is uneven, affecting agricultural productivity across regions.
Policies like the National Water Mission aim to address monsoon-related challenges in water management.