Geographical Techniques

Applications in urban planning, disaster management

  1. GIS (Geographic Information System) is a technology that integrates spatial and non-spatial data for analysis and decision-making.
  2. It is widely used in urban planning and disaster management to enhance efficiency and accuracy.
  3. GIS helps in mapping and analyzing land use and land cover in urban areas.
  4. It is essential for site selection for infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and transportation hubs.
  5. GIS facilitates the creation of master pl

Satellite imagery

  1. Satellite imagery refers to images of Earth or other planets collected by artificial satellites.
  2. It is a core component of remote sensing, allowing observation without physical contact.
  3. Satellite imagery provides data for studying geography, meteorology, and environmental science.
  4. It helps in monitoring land use and land cover changes.
  5. Satellites capture data in multiple spectral bands, including visible, infrared, and m

Map reading and interpretation

  1. Map reading involves understanding the symbols, scales, and features depicted on a map.
  2. Map interpretation is the process of analyzing map data to derive meaningful insights.
  3. Maps use a legend or key to explain the symbols and colors used.
  4. The scale indicates the relationship between distances on the map and actual ground distances.
  5. Orientation is determined using a north arrow or compass rose shown on the map.
  6. Contour lines on t

Topographic, thematic and political maps

  1. Cartography is the art and science of creating maps to represent geographical information.
  2. Topographic maps depict the natural and artificial features of a region in detail.
  3. They use contour lines to show elevation and terrain.
  4. Topographic maps are widely used for hiking, military planning, and geological studies.
  5. Features in topographic maps include rivers, mountains, roads, and settlements.
  6. Scale

Types of maps

  1. Maps are graphical representations of the Earth's surface used to convey spatial information.
  2. They are classified into various types based on purpose, scale, and content.
  3. Physical maps depict natural features like mountains, rivers, plains, and deserts.
  4. Political maps show boundaries, countries, states, and major cities.
  5. Thematic maps focus on specific themes such as population density, climate, or vegetation.
  6. Topographic
Geographical Techniques