Genetics and Evolution

1. Introduction to Evolution

  1. Evolution is the gradual change in the characteristics of organisms over generations.
  2. It explains the diversity of life and how new species arise.
  3. Key factors driving evolution include genetic variations, mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, and environmental influences.
  4. Two major theories of evolution are Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and the Modern Synthetic Theory.

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1. Introduction to Evolution

  1. Evolution refers to the gradual change in the characteristics of organisms over generations.
  2. It explains the diversity of life on Earth.
  3. Evolution occurs due to genetic variations, mutations, natural selection, and environmental factors.
  4. The study of evolution is based on fossil records, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, and embryology.

2.

1. Introduction

  1. The Genetic Code is a set of rules that defines how sequences of nucleotides in DNA and RNA are translated into proteins.
  2. Mutations are sudden changes in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that can be inherited.
  3. Mutations can be caused by errors in replication, environmental factors, or radiation.

2.

1. Introduction

  1. Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited from one generation to another.
  2. The Molecular Basis of Inheritance focuses on DNA, RNA, and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.
  3. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the genetic material in most organisms.
  4. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.

2.

1. Introduction

  1. Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in organisms.
  2. Linkage and crossing over explain how genes are inherited together or separated during meiosis.
  3. Polygenic inheritance describes traits controlled by multiple genes, leading to a wide range of phenotypic variations.

2.

1. Introduction

  1. Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation.
  2. Heredity refers to the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
  3. Variation is the difference in traits among individuals of a species.
  4. Gregor Mendel, known as the "Father of Genetics," conducted experiments on pea plants to understand inheritance.

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