Electromagnetic Induction

1. A transformer is an electrical device used to change the voltage levels in an AC circuit.
2. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction between two coils.

Working Principle of a Transformer

• Based on Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, a varying current in the primary coil produces a varying magnetic flux.
• This magnetic flux links to the secondary coil through a common core, inducing an EMF in the secondary coil.
• The transformer w

1. Lenz's Law explains the direction of the induced EMF and current in electromagnetic induction.
2. It is an extension of Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, focusing on the conservation of energy.

Lenz’s Law

• Statement: The direction of the induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it.
• Mathematically represented as: EMF = -dΦ/dt, where the negative sign signifies opposition to change (as per Lenz’s Law).
• Ensures compliance with t

1. Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating an electromotive force (EMF) by changing the magnetic field around a conductor.
2. Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831, this phenomenon is the foundation of modern electrical technology.

Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction

First Law

• Faraday's First Law: An EMF is induced in a conductor whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with it.
• The change in magnetic flux can be caused by moving the conductor, changing the