Anglo-Mysore and Anglo-Maratha Wars

The Anglo-Mysore Wars (1767–1799) were a series of four wars between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore.
The wars were fought during the reigns of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, who resisted British expansion.
The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–1769) ended with the Treaty of Madras, restoring territories to both sides.
The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784) resulted in the Treaty of Mangalore, one of the few instances of Indian victory against the British.
The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790–1792) concluded with the Treaty of Seringapatam, where Tipu Sultan ceded half his territory to the British.
The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) led to the death of Tipu Sultan and the annexation of Mysore by the British.
The defeat of Mysore marked the end of significant resistance to British rule in South India.
Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775–1818) were a series of three wars fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy.
The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) ended with the Treaty of Salbai, which maintained a balance of power for two decades.
The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) resulted in British victories and the loss of Maratha territories.
The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) led to the defeat of the Maratha Confederacy and the annexation of their territories.
The wars resulted in the end of Maratha sovereignty and the establishment of British dominance in central and western India.
Hyder Ali was known for his military innovations and alliances with the French.
Tipu Sultan, known as the "Tiger of Mysore," introduced modern weapons and reforms in Mysore.
The British allied with regional powers like the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas against Mysore.
The Maratha Confederacy included key factions like the Peshwas, Holkars, Gaekwads, and Scindias.
The Treaty of Bassein (1802) between the British and the Peshwa was a turning point, leading to the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
The defeat of the Marathas marked the end of significant Indian resistance to British rule in the 19th century.
The wars demonstrated the importance of alliances and diplomacy in British expansion.
The subsidiary alliance system, introduced by Lord Wellesley, was a tool for British political control.
The defeat of Mysore and the Marathas allowed the British to consolidate their control over India.
The Carnatic region became a significant theater of conflict during the Anglo-Mysore Wars.
The Battle of Seringapatam (1799) marked the decisive end of the Anglo-Mysore Wars.
Key British figures included Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis, and Lord Wellesley.
The Marathas were weakened by internal conflicts and the lack of a unified command structure.
The wars highlighted the role of European military techniques in colonial conquests.
The British gained access to vast resources and strategic locations through these wars.
The defeat of regional powers facilitated the establishment of the British Raj in India.
Mysore rockets, developed by Tipu Sultan, were an early example of advanced weaponry in India.
The Anglo-Maratha Wars also impacted the Deccan and northern regions of India.
Economic exploitation of the conquered regions funded British imperial projects and wars.
The victories strengthened the East India Company’s influence in Indian politics and trade.
The wars paved the way for administrative and military reforms under British rule.
The collapse of Mysore and the Marathas showcased the vulnerability of Indian states to British strategy.
The resistance of Mysore and the Marathas inspired later movements for Indian independence.
The Anglo-Mysore and Anglo-Maratha Wars were critical in shaping the colonial landscape of India.