Causes and consequences of global warming

1. Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect

1. The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface.
2. It occurs when the Earth’s atmosphere traps heat radiated from the Sun.
3. Certain gases, called greenhouse gases (GHGs), absorb and retain heat.
4. The major greenhouse gases include:
   • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – Emitted from fossil fuel burning.
   • Methane (CH₄) – Released from agriculture, livestock, and landfills.
   • Nitrous oxide (N₂O) – Produced from fertilizers and industrial activities.
   • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – Synthetic gases used in refrigeration.
   • Water vapor (H₂O) – The most abundant greenhouse gas.
5. The greenhouse effect is essential for maintaining Earth’s temperature but is harmful when intensified.

2. Causes of Global Warming

1. Global Warming refers to the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to excessive GHG emissions.
2. Human activities are the primary contributors to global warming.
3. Major causes of global warming:
   • Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) increases CO₂ levels.
   • Deforestation reduces the number of trees that absorb CO₂.
   • Industrialization releases large amounts of GHGs.
   • Agricultural practices (livestock farming, paddy fields) emit methane.
   • Excessive use of CFCs contributes to ozone depletion and heat retention.
4. The rise in greenhouse gas concentrations has accelerated over the last century.

3. Consequences of Global Warming

1. Global warming leads to climate change, affecting weather patterns worldwide.
2. Major consequences include:
   • Rising sea levels due to melting glaciers and polar ice caps.
   • More frequent natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods.
   • Increased global temperatures leading to extreme heatwaves.
   • Threats to biodiversity as species struggle to adapt to changing climates.
   • Reduced agricultural productivity due to changes in rainfall and soil conditions.
   • Water scarcity in many parts of the world.
   • Health issues such as respiratory diseases and heat-related illnesses.
   • Ocean acidification due to increased CO₂ absorption, harming marine life.

4. Measures to Reduce Global Warming

1. Reducing carbon emissions by shifting to renewable energy sources.
2. Encouraging afforestation and reforestation to absorb CO₂.
3. Implementing energy-efficient technologies in industries and households.
4. Promoting the use of public transport and electric vehicles.
5. Reducing dependence on single-use plastics to cut pollution.
6. Adopting sustainable agricultural practices to limit methane emissions.
7. Implementing strict environmental laws and global agreements like the Paris Climate Accord.

5. Conclusion

1. Global warming is a major environmental crisis that demands immediate action.
2. Governments, industries, and individuals must work together to mitigate its effects.
3. By adopting sustainable practices, we can protect the Earth for future generations.