Pressure belts and windsThe Earth’s atmosphere is divided into distinct pressure belts due to uneven heating of its surface.There are seven pressure belts around the Earth: Equatorial low, Subtropical highs (two), Subpolar…
Weather and climateWeather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions of a specific place at a specific time.Climate is the average weather pattern of a region over a long period, typically 30 years or more.…
AtmosphereThe atmosphere is a mixture of gases surrounding the Earth, essential for sustaining life.It consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases, including argon, carbon dioxide, and trace gases…
Major geomorphic featuresGeomorphic features are landforms created by internal and external forces shaping the Earth's surface.These features are classified into primary (endogenic) and secondary (exogenic) landforms.Primary…
External processesExternal processes are geomorphic activities that originate from forces outside the Earth's surface.These processes are also called exogenic processes.They include weathering, erosion, transportation…
Internal processesInternal processes are geomorphic activities driven by forces originating within the Earth's interior.These processes include tectonic activities, volcanism, earthquakes, and orogeny.They are also…
LandformsLandforms are natural physical features of the Earth's surface created by various geomorphic processes.They are shaped by both endogenic forces (internal) and exogenic forces (external).Endogenic…
Solar systemThe Solar System consists of the Sun, eight planets, moons, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other celestial objects.The Sun is the center of the Solar System and accounts for 99.86% of its…
Earth's motionsThe Earth has two primary motions: rotation and revolution.Rotation refers to the Earth spinning on its axis.The Earth completes one rotation in approximately 24 hours, causing day and night.The axis…
Structure of the EarthThe Earth is divided into three main layers: the core, mantle, and crust.The crust is the Earth's outermost layer, comprising solid rocks and minerals.The thickness of the crust varies from 5 km…