Protons

  1. The proton is a positively charged particle with a relative charge of +1.
  2. The atomic number is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
  3. Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1917.
  4. The charge of a proton is +1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs.
  5. Protons are part of the nucleus and contribute to the atom's mass.

Neutrons

  1. The neutron has no charge, making it neutral.
  2. The relative mass of a neutron is approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
  3. Neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
  4. Neutrons contribute to the atom's mass number but not its charge.
  5. The strong nuclear force binds neutrons and protons in the nucleus.

Electrons

  1. The electron is a negatively charged particle with a relative charge of -1.
  2. The charge of an electron is -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs.
  3. The relative mass of an electron is approximately 1/1836 that of a proton.
  4. Electrons are distributed in energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus.
  5. The number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of protons.
  6. Electrons determine the chemical properties of an element.
  7. Electrons were discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897.
  8. The arrangement of electrons in orbitals is known as the electronic configuration.

Additional Points

  1. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons and is the central part of the atom.
  2. The atomic number is determined by protons, while the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
  3. Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  4. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, resulting in a charge.
  5. The behavior of electrons is described by quantum mechanics.
  6. The electron cloud model describes the probable locations of electrons.

Category

Questions