Climax community and dynamic equilibriumA climax community represents the final and stable stage of ecological succession.It is characterized by a state of dynamic equilibrium, where the ecosystem remains relatively stable over time.The…
Primary and secondary successionEcological succession is the natural process by which ecosystems develop and change over time.It involves the gradual replacement of one biotic community by another in a particular area.Succession is…
Water cycleThe water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.It is a crucial biogeochemical cycle that sustains life…
Phosphorus cycleThe phosphorus cycle describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.Unlike other biogeochemical cycles, the phosphorus cycle does not include a significant…
Nitrogen cycleThe nitrogen cycle describes the movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.Nitrogen is an essential element for all living organisms, as it is a major component of…
Carbon cycleThe carbon cycle is a crucial biogeochemical cycle that governs the movement of carbon among the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.Carbon is an essential element found in all living…
Community ecology: Succession, interactions (predation, competition)Community ecology focuses on the interactions and relationships among different species living in a shared environment.A community is a group of different species living together and interacting…
Population ecology: Characteristics and growth modelsPopulation ecology studies the dynamics of populations, their size, density, distribution, and interactions with the environment.A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a…
Concept of habitat and nicheA habitat is the physical environment where an organism lives, while a niche is the functional role of an organism in its ecosystem.The habitat is defined by abiotic factors like soil, water,…